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三种外源
物质
低温
胁迫
花草
生理
荧光
特性
影响
第 32 卷 第 6 期Vol.32,No.685-992023 年 6 月草业学报ACTA PRATACULTURAE SINICA张适阳,刘凤民,崔均涛,等.三种外源物质对低温胁迫下柱花草生理与荧光特性的影响.草业学报,2023,32(6):8599.ZHANG Shi-yang,LIU Feng-min,CUI Jun-tao,et al.Effects of three exogenous substances on the physiological and fluorescence characteristics of Stylosanthes guianensis under low-temperature stress.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2023,32(6):8599.三种外源物质对低温胁迫下柱花草生理与荧光特性的影响张适阳1*,刘凤民2*,崔均涛4,何磊1,冯月燕3,张伟丽1,3*(1.仲恺农业工程学院农业与生物学院,广东 广州 510225;2.仲恺农业工程学院教学科研基地管理中心,广东 广州 510225;3.德庆仲恺农业产业科技创新研究有限公司,广东 肇庆 526642;4.仲恺农业工程学院园艺园林学院,广东 广州 510225)摘要:为研究不同浓度脱落酸、壳聚糖和水杨酸喷施对低温胁迫下柱花草叶片生理指标和叶绿素荧光特性的影响,以播种 50 d的幼苗为试验材料,叶面喷施法处理后,于光照培养箱中连续进行 7 d低温(昼夜温 8/5),2 d常温(昼夜温 28/25)处理。结果表明,不同浓度外源物质喷施使低温下柱花草叶片光合色素含量、抗氧化酶活性、可溶性蛋白含量显著增加;寒害指数、相对电导率、丙二醛含量显著降低,继续 2 d常温处理后,各项指标有所回升。经 300 mg L-1壳聚糖、0.4 mmol L-1水杨酸和 10 mg L-1脱落酸处理的植株,叶绿素荧光参数的最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、电子传递量子产额(E0)、性能参数(PIABS)分别显著升高了 80.88%122.57%、119.87%170.53%和271.77%580.49%;用于热耗散量子比率(D0)显著降低了 26.39%37.10%。经隶属函数法综合评价,壳聚糖、脱落酸、水杨酸提高柱花草低温耐受性的最佳诱导浓度分别为:300 mg L-1,10 mg L-1,0.4 mmol L-1。在 3种外源物质中,300 mg L-1壳聚糖处理可显著提高叶绿素含量和光系统(PS)的活性,减少热耗散,对缓解低温胁迫对柱花草的伤害效果最为显著。关键词:柱花草;低温胁迫;壳聚糖;脱落酸;水杨酸;生理指标;叶绿素荧光Effects of three exogenous substances on the physiological and fluorescence characteristics of Stylosanthes guianensis under low-temperature stressZHANG Shi-yang1*,LIU Feng-min2*,CUI Jun-tao4,HE Lei1,FENG Yue-yan3,ZHANG Wei-li1,3*1.College of Agriculture and Biology,Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering,Guangzhou 510225,China;2.Management Center of Teaching and Research Base of Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering,Guangzhou 510225,China;3.Deqing Zhongkai Agricultural Technology Innovation Research Co.,Ltd.,Zhaoqing 526642,China;4.College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture,Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering,Guangzhou 510225,ChinaAbstract:The aim of this study was to determine whether spraying Stylosanthes guianensis plants with exogenous substances could improve their performance under low-temperature conditions.Abscisic acid,chitosan,and salicylic acid at different concentrations were sprayed onto 50-day-old S.guianensis plants,and their effects on the physiological indexes and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of leaves under low-temperature conditions were determined.The low-temperature treatment was applied to plants in a growth chamber,and consisted of 7 days of DOI:10.11686/cyxb2022322http:/收稿日期:2022-08-10;改回日期:2022-12-05基金项目:广东省现代农业产业技术体系创新团队(2021KJ114),广东省科技计划项目(2017A020208073)和广东省博士工作站平台建设项目(粤人社函 2020 216号)资助。作者简介:张适阳(1997-),男,河南郑州人,在读硕士。E-mail:;刘凤民(1968-),男,黑龙江克东人,高级农艺师,硕士。E-mail:。*共同第一作者 These authors contributed equally to this work.通信作者 Corresponding author.E-mail:Vol.32,No.6ACTA PRATACULTURAE SINICA(2023)cold temperature(8 C/5 C days/nights)followed by 2 days of normal temperature(28 C/25 C days/nights)for recovery.It was found that spraying S.guianensis plants with exogenous substances at different concentrations significantly increased the photosynthetic pigment content,antioxidant enzyme activity,and soluble protein content of the leaves under low temperature;And significantly decreased the chilling injury index,relative conductivity,and malondialdehyde content.After 2 days of recovery at normal temperature,all indexes were restored to their respective pre-chilling levels.Compared with the control plants,those sprayed with 300 mg L1 chitosan,0.4 mmol L1 salicylic acid,or 10 mg L1 abscisic acid showed significantly increased values of Fv/Fm,E0,and PIABS(by 80.88%-122.57%,119.87%-170.53%and 271.77%-580.49%,respectively)and significantly decreased D0(by 26.39%-37.10%).Based on a multivariate evaluation using a membership function analysis,the optimal concentrations of chitosan,abscisic acid,and salicylic acid to improve the low-temperature tolerance of S.guianensis are 300 mg L1,10 mg L1,and 0.4 mmol L1,respectively.Among the three exogenous substances,chitosan(at 300 mg L1)significantly increased the chlorophyll content and the activity of photosystem II,reduced heat dissipation,and was most effective in alleviating low-temperature damage to S.guianensis.Key words:Stylosanthes guianensis;low temperature stress;chitosan;abscisic acid;salicylic acid;physiological indicators;chlorophyll fluorescence柱花草(Stylosanthes guianensis)属于豆科柱花草属多年生草本植物,喜潮湿热带气候,广泛分布于热带、亚热带等地,同时又因其具有耐旱、耐酸瘠土、抗炭疽病等特性,多用于边坡修复、边坡绿化和石漠化治理,在农业生产中有着广泛的应用1-2。柱花草适宜生长温度为 2528,一般在 15 左右仍能继续生长,010 时会受到寒害而叶片脱落,严重时死亡3。遭受低温胁迫时,较常温下会出现相对含水量下降,光合作用受到抑制,电解质渗透率上升4。柱花草的低温不耐受性限制了其在亚热带和北方地区的推广4。因此,探明低温胁迫对柱花草生理活动的影响,提高柱花草在低温下的耐受性,增加其可种植区域的广度是有待解决的问题。水杨酸(salicylic acid,SA)是植物内源激素,具有多种生理调节作用。外源施用水杨酸可增强植物的非生物逆境抗性5-6。研究表明,水杨酸能提高结缕草(Zoysia matrella)对低温的抗性,提高植株抗氧化能力7。脱落酸(abscisic acid,ABA)是一种倍半萜植物激素,也属于植物内源激素,参与响应多种如低温、干旱、盐碱等逆境胁迫反应,对于植物抗逆性和对逆境的耐受能力有着重要影响。外源施用脱落酸可以增强植物低温耐受性已在多种植物上得到证实8。对植物外源施用如水杨酸、脱落酸等内源性激素能够促进相应内源激素的合成和运输,进而调控植物抗逆性功能9。壳聚糖(chitosan,CTS)是一种聚氨基葡萄糖,是诱导植物应对非生物胁迫产生的抗逆信号分子10-11,壳聚糖及其衍生物通过清除细胞在低温胁迫下所产生的过多自由基,促进光合作用和细胞中渗透调节物质的合成,使得植物增强抵御低温的能力12-13。外源诱导物的合理施用,能够提高植物的抗逆性,但高浓度的外源诱