2023年3月西安外国语大学学报Mar.2023第31卷第1期JournalofXi’anInternationalStudiesUniversityVol.31No.1基于语料库的英语新构词词素的构式化研究高永伟,黄锦鸿摘要:本文基于美国历史英语语料库、当代美国英语语料库、在线新闻语料库分析典型新构词词素的生成和演变。研究发现-licious、-tastic、-mageddon、-geddon、-pocalypse等源于现有英语词语的构词成分在形式上已定型为尾部构词词素。这些构词词素全部或部分沿袭源词的词义,同时出现语义扩大或缩小的情况,并倾向于与指称事物的前搭配词进行复合构词。在不同衡量标准下,两组构词词素的能产性高低有所差别。新构词词素的形成涉及构式变化和构式化。两组新构词词素的构式化在图式性、能产性和组构性上有所不同,但呈现出图式性和能产性增强以及组构性总体增强、部分减弱的特点。关键词:构词词素;语料库;形成;构式变化;构式化中图分类号:H030文献标识码:A文章编号:1673-9876(2023)01-0001-08Abstract:ThispaperanalyzesthegenerationandevolutionofsometypicalnewcombiningformsbasedoncorporasuchastheCorpusofHistoricalAmericanEnglish,theCorpusofContemporaryAmericanEnglish,andNewsontheWeb.Itisfoundthattheword-formationalelementssuchas-licious,-tastic,-mageddon,-geddon,and-pocalypsethatwerederivedfromexistingEnglishwordshavebecomefinalcombiningforms.Thesaidcombiningformsfullyorpartlyinherittheirmeaningsfromtheirsourcewords,andtherealsoexistsemanticbroadeningandnarrowing.Thecombiningformstendtomakenewcompoundswithprecedingelementsthatdenotethings.Theproductivityofthetwogroupofcombiningformsdiffersaccordingtodifferentmeas-ures.Theformationofnewcombiningformsinvolvesconstructionalchangesandconstructionalization.Theconstructionaliza-tionofthetwogroupsofnewcombiningformsissomewhatdifferentasregardsschematicity,productivity,andcompositionali-ty,showingthecharacteristicsofincreaseinschematicityandproductivityaswellasoverallincreaseandpartialdecreaseincompositionality.Keywords:combiningform;corpus;formation;constructionalchange;constructionalization1.构词词素的定义英语中有一类构词成分在词型上与词缀毫无区别,它们都是以连字符为词形特征,能与其他词或成分结合构成新词,而所构词一般被认为是复合词,但并非像...
