加载
频率
橡胶
支座
力学性能
影响
试验
研究
第43卷第3期2023年6 月文章编号:10 0 0-130 1(2 0 2 3)0 3-0 136-14地震工程与工程振动EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING ANDENGINEERING DYNAMICSVol.43 No.3Jun.2023D0I:10.13197/j.eeed.2023.0314加载频率与幅值对橡胶隔震支座力学性能的影响试验研究李勇12,庞辉1,2,戴君武12,孙得璋1,2,姜(1.中国地震局工程力学研究所地震工程与工程振动重点实验室,黑龙江哈尔滨150 0 8 0;2.地震灾害防治应急管理部重点实验室,黑龙江哈尔滨150 0 8 0)摘要:为了探究加载频率、幅值对橡胶隔震支座水平等效刚度、特征强度、屈服后刚度、等效阻尼比及耗能等力学性能的影响,在实验室常温(2 5左右)环境中对直径为7 0 0 mm的典型常用天然橡胶支座和铅芯橡胶支座(共4个)进行了一系列的压剪试验,其中,加载频率变化范围为0.3 0.6 7 Hz,加载幅值变化范围为2 5%2 50%。考虑到试验中加载设备摩擦力与惯性力的影响,本文对实测水平力进行修正并绘制出隔震支座的真实滞回曲线。实验结果表明:支座内部温度随加载频率的增大,升温越为明显,其中在最大加载频率下,天然与铅芯支座在前三圈循环下的升温幅度分别为5.2 4%和2 9.98%;随着加载幅值从2 5%2 50%不断增大,隔震支座水平等效刚度和屈服后刚度的最大下降幅度分别为6 7%和55%,特征强度的增长幅度范围为6 4%18 8%,且天然与铅芯支座耗能约增加1526倍;此外,铅芯支座的内部温度上升幅度和各项力学性能均明显高于天然支座,但随着加载进行,铅芯支座的特征强度出现了更为明显的刚度退化,且在前三圈循环加载中天然与铅芯支座的特征强度分别退化了3.34%和12.2%。关键词:加载频率;加载幅值;橡胶隔震支座;水平等效刚度;特征强度;屈服后刚度中图分类号:TU352.1姜涛1,2文献标识码:AStudy on loading frequency and amplitude effects to the mechanicproperties of seismic isolation rubber bearingsLI Yong,PANG Hui,AI Juwu,SUN Dezhang,JIANG Tao.(1.Key Laboratory of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,Institute of Engineering Mechanics,China Earthquake Administration,Harbin 150080,China;2.Key Laboratory of Earthquake Disaster Mitigation,Ministry of Emergency Management,Harbin 150080,China)Abstract:In order to explore the effects of loading frequency and amplitude on the mechanical properties of seismicisolation rubber bearings,such as equivalent horizontal stiffness,characteristic strength,post-yielding stiffness,equivalent linear damping ratio and energy dissipation,a series of compression and shear tests are carried out ontypical common linear natural rubber bearing and lead-core rubber bearing(4 in total)with a diameter of 700 mmat room temperature(about 25 C).The variation range of loading frequency is 0.30.67 Hz,and the variationrange of loading amplitude is 25%250%.Considering the influence of friction and inertia force of loadingequipment in the test,the measured horizontal force is corrected and the real hysteresis loop of seismic isolationbearing is drawn in this paper.The experimental results show that the temperature rise in the bearing is more obvious收稿日期:2 0 2 1-12-0 7;修回日期:2 0 2 2-0 3-17基金项目:中国地震局工程力学研究所基本科研业务费专项(2 0 19A03,2 0 2 2 C0 4);国家自然科学基金项目(52 2 0 8 50 9);黑龙江省自然科学基金项目(LH2022E121)Supported by:Scientific Research Fund of Institute of Engineering Mechanics,China Earthquake Administration(2019A03,2022C04);NationalNatural Science Foundation of China(52208509);Natural Science Foundation Project of Heilongjiang Province(LH2022E121)作者简介:李勇(1997),男,硕士研究生,主要从事地震工程研究。E-mail:32 8 6 38 8 8 49 q.c o m通讯作者:姜涛(1993一),男,助理研究员,博士,主要从事结构工程和地震工程方面的研究。E-mail:m18 6 8 6 8 0 56 13 16 3.c o m第3期with the increase of loading frequency.Under the maximum loading frequency,the temperature rise ranges of linearnatural rubber bearing and lead-core rubber bearing under the first three cycles are 5.24%and 29.98%respectively.With the increase of loading amplitude from 25%to 250%,the maximum decrease of equivalent horizontal stffnessand post-yielding stiffness of seismic isolation bearing are 67%and 55%respectively,the increase range ofcharacteristic strength is 64%to 188%,and the energy dissipation of linear natural rubber bearing and lead-corerubber bearing increases by 15 to 26 times.In addition,the internal temperature rise and various mechanicalproperties of the lead bearing are significantly higher than those of the natural bearing,but with the loading,thecharacteristic strength of the lead-core rubber bearing shows more obvious stiffness degradation,and the characteristicstrength of the linear natural rubber bearing and lead-core rubber bearing degrades by 3.34%and 12.2%respectively in the first three cycles of cyclic loading.Key words:loading frequency;loading amplitude;seismic isolation rubber bearings;equivalent horizontalstiffness;characteristic strength;post-yield stiffness李勇,等:加载频率与幅值对橡胶隔震支座力学性能的影响试验研究1370引言近年来,基础隔震技术广泛应用于房屋建筑和轨道交通领域中,同时也是降低地震风险区结构损坏的一种有效方法1-5,其原理是通过延长结构的自振周期来减少地震能量向结构的输入。此外,由于隔震支座具备良好的延性性能和水平极限变位能力6,国内外工程中通常在基础与上部结构之间安装隔震橡胶支座来实现结构的预期振动周期7。目前,常用的隔震支座主要有天然橡胶支座、铅芯橡胶支座和高阻尼橡胶支座。它们是由橡胶与薄钢板交替叠合而成,可以承载较大竖向力,同时又具有良好的变形能力8-9。隔震支座作为结构的隔震层,是隔震体系可控薄弱层的核心部件,隔震支座性能的优劣极大程度地影响着隔震体系的安全和可靠水平,因而有必要对支座的力学性能进行相关研究。RYAN等10 在不同竖向压应力作用下对铅芯橡胶支座进行剪应变不超过10 0%的压剪试验,结果表明:随着竖向压应力的增大,铅芯支座的屈服后刚度不断减小,屈服力反而不断增大。ABE 等I分别在3.92MPa和7.8 4MPa的压应力作用下对铅芯橡胶支座进行剪应变不高于2 0%的压剪试验,发现较小剪应变时,竖向压应力大小对铅芯橡胶支座的各项力学性能影响较大。胡紫东12 在10 0%剪应变下对铅芯橡胶支座施加不同竖向压应力,并针对其滞回性能进行研究,发现支座的滞回曲线在竖向压应力大于6 MPa时变化不大且滞回性能逐渐趋于稳定。此外,沈朝勇等13-14在剪应变为10 0%和17 5%下分别对不同G值的橡胶支座进行了压剪试验,研究了竖向压应力加载顺序、剪应变等对支座屈服后刚度和屈服力的影响,发现随着竖向压应力的增大,支座的屈服后刚度线性增加,支座的屈服力线性减少。学者们针对隔震支座力学性能的研究已经较为深入,其中考虑过诸多相关因素的影响,例如,环境温度以及Mullins效应均已有较多研究15-18,然而在考虑加载过程中支座内部温度变化以及加载频率对隔震支座力学性能的研究,相对匮乏。此外,由于受到设备能力的限制,加载频率在支座力学性能的大量研究中通常为0.0 0 5 0.3Hz19-21,但该区间频率较低,并不能很好地反应橡胶隔震支座在实际地震动作用下的力学响应。鉴于此,本文采用较高加载频率从0.3 0.6 7 Hz,将对天然橡胶支座(linear natural rubber bearing,LNR)和铅芯橡胶支座(lead-core rubber bearing,LRB)在不同加载幅值下进行水平剪切试验,并通过对摩擦力与惯性力修正的方式来获取隔震支座的实际响应。本文主要研究频率、剪切变形、循环加载次数对隔震支座水