农地“三权分置”与农村发展机制:政策演变与趋势梁青青(长安大学地球科学与资源学院,陕西西安710054)摘要近年来,中央一号文件多次强调要不断推进农村土地制度的演进与变革,包括土地制度以及和土地制度相关的诸多农业政策对于我国“三农”的发展相当关键,“三权分置”是结合我国的国情,深化农村土地制度改革的又一次创新。从“三权分置”的政策背景着手,探讨稳定土地承包关系“长久不变”的重大意义及要解决的深层次问题,包括农村长久不变以后人地矛盾怎么解决、土地承包期限和起点的问题以及包括抵押权、入股权和继承权在内的土地承包经营权的权能问题,结果表明,家庭承包经营制度从期限和权能上都在发生变化。重点阐述土地流转问题,尤其是其中的退出机制问题。最后从统一经营的层次探讨如何去完善和发展农村发展体制。统一经营主要是2个转变:家庭经营到集约化发展的转变,统一经营到提高组织化程度的转变。关键词土地制度;三权分置;发展体制;土地流转中图分类号F321.1文献标识码A文章编号0517-6611(2023)07-0235-05doi:10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2023.07.054开放科学(资源服务)标识码(OSID):“DivisionofThreeRights”ofRuralLandandRuralDevelopmentMechanism:PolicyEvolutionandTrendsLIANGQing-qing(CollegeofEarthScience&LandResources,Chang’anUniversity,Xi’an,Shaanxi710054)AbstractInrecentyears,theNo.1documentofthecentralgovernmenthasrepeatedlyemphasizedtheneedtocontinuouslypromotetheevolutionandreformoftherurallandsystem.Thelandpolicyandmanyagriculturalpoliciesrelatedtothelandsystemarethekeytothedevel-opmentofagriculture,ruralareasandfarmersinChina.The“divisionofthreerights”isanotherinnovationtodeepenthereformofrurallandsysteminthelightofChina’snationalconditions.Proceedingfromthepolicybackgroundof“separationofthreerights”,thispaperdiscussesthesignificanceofstabilizingthelandcontractrelationship“foralongtime”andthedeep-seatedproblemstobesolved,includinghowtosolvethecontradictionbetweenpeopleandland,thetermandstartingpointoflandcontract,andthepoweroflandcontractmanagementrights,in-cludingmortgage,equityandinheritancerights,theresultsshowthatthehouseholdcontractmanagementsystemischangingintermsofdura-tio...