农地“三权分置”与农村发展机制:政策演变与趋势梁青青(长安大学地球科学与资源学院，陕西西安710054)摘要近年来，中央一号文件多次强调要不断推进农村土地制度的演进与变革，包括土地制度以及和土地制度相关的诸多农业政策对于我国“三农”的发展相当关键，“三权分置”是结合我国的国情，深化农村土地制度改革的又一次创新。从“三权分置”的政策背景着手，探讨稳定土地承包关系“长久不变”的重大意义及要解决的深层次问题，包括农村长久不变以后人地矛盾怎么解决、土地承包期限和起点的问题以及包括抵押权、入股权和继承权在内的土地承包经营权的权能问题，结果表明，家庭承包经营制度从期限和权能上都在发生变化。重点阐述土地流转问题，尤其是其中的退出机制问题。最后从统一经营的层次探讨如何去完善和发展农村发展体制。统一经营主要是2个转变:家庭经营到集约化发展的转变，统一经营到提高组织化程度的转变。关键词土地制度;三权分置;发展体制;土地流转中图分类号F321．1文献标识码A文章编号0517－6611(2023)07－0235－05doi:10．3969/j．issn．0517－6611．2023．07．054开放科学(资源服务)标识码(OSID):“DivisionofThreeＲights”ofＲuralLandandＲuralDevelopmentMechanism:PolicyEvolutionandTrendsLIANGQing-qing(CollegeofEarthScience＆LandＲesources，Chang’anUniversity，Xi’an，Shaanxi710054)AbstractInrecentyears，theNo．1documentofthecentralgovernmenthasrepeatedlyemphasizedtheneedtocontinuouslypromotetheevolutionandreformoftherurallandsystem．Thelandpolicyandmanyagriculturalpoliciesrelatedtothelandsystemarethekeytothedevel-opmentofagriculture，ruralareasandfarmersinChina．The“divisionofthreerights”isanotherinnovationtodeepenthereformofrurallandsysteminthelightofChina’snationalconditions．Proceedingfromthepolicybackgroundof“separationofthreerights”，thispaperdiscussesthesignificanceofstabilizingthelandcontractrelationship“foralongtime”andthedeep-seatedproblemstobesolved，includinghowtosolvethecontradictionbetweenpeopleandland，thetermandstartingpointoflandcontract，andthepoweroflandcontractmanagementrights，in-cludingmortgage，equityandinheritancerights，theresultsshowthatthehouseholdcontractmanagementsystemischangingintermsofdura-tio...
