林业社会化服务对农户家庭收入差距的影响_廖文梅.pdf

第 59 卷 第 1 期2 0 2 3 年 1 月林业科学SCIENTIASILVAESINICAEVol.59,No.1Jan.,2 0 2 3doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20220729收稿日期:2022-10-27;修回日期:2022-12-10。基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(71873060,72263017,72141016);国家自然科学基金重点项目(71934003);江西省蚕桑产业技术体系项目(JXARS-23)。孔凡斌为通讯作者。林业社会化服务对农户家庭收入差距的影响廖文梅1林静1沈月琴2孔凡斌2,3(1.江西农业大学经济管理学院/江西省乡村振兴研究院南昌 330045;2.浙江农林大学生态文明研究院/浙江省乡村振兴研究院/浙江农林大学经济管理学院杭州 311300;3.南京林业大学经济管理学院南京 210037)摘要:【目的】缩小农户家庭之间的收入差距是实现乡村共同富裕的重要环节。量化分析林业社会化服务对农户家庭收入差距的影响及其作用机制,为新时代新征程健全林业社会化服务体系助力实现乡村共同富裕的规划和政策提供决策参考。【方法】基于分工与专业化效应、优化家庭劳动力配置与促进林地流转经营的理论,构建林业 社 会 化 服 务 对 农 户 家 庭 收 入 差 距 影 响 的 分 析 框 架,利 用 福 建、江 西、浙 江、湖 南、四 川 和 广 西 的 2 413份农户调查数据,运用无条件分位数回归模型检验林业社会化服务对农户家庭收入差距的影响,并分析不同林业社会化服务采纳程度下的影响差异及其分解效应。【结果】1)林业社会化服务对农户家庭收入水平具有显著增收效应,且对低收入农户家庭的增收效应更大,有利于缩小农户家庭收入差距。2)林业社会化服务对不同收入水平农户家庭收入的边际贡献存在显著差异。其中,林业社会化服务可使基尼系数显著减小,总体呈现分位点越低边际贡献越大的变化趋势,林业社会化服务有助于缩小农村家庭收入差距。3)系数效应主导了农村家庭收入差距的扩大。其中,户主是否为村干部、林业收入占比、林地细碎化程度、村距县城距离、地形是影响 Q10 Q90分位点上系数效应的主要因素。4)林业社会化服务采纳程度均值为 0.354,林业社会化服务对低采纳水平组农户家庭总体具有较好的增收效应,农户家庭收入差距主要由特征效应主导。【结论】要高度重视和充分发挥林业社会化服务缩小农户家庭收入差距的积极作用,不断完善面向低收入农户家庭的林业社会化服务供需支持政策,采取针对性的激励政策,激发与鼓励农户积极采纳林业社会化服务,推动形成“以需促供、以供带需”的良性循环格局。关键词:林业社会化服务;共同富裕;农户家庭收入差距;无条件分位数回归中图分类号:S7-9;F307.2文献标识码:A文章编号:1001-7488(2023)01-0059-15 Influence of Socialized Forestry Services on the Income Gap of Rural HouseholdsLiao Wenmei1Lin Jing1Shen Yueqin2Kong Fanbin2,3(1.College of Economics and Management,Jiangxi Agricultural University/Jiangxi Academy of Rural RevitalizationNanchang 330045;2.Institute of Ecological Civilization,Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University/Zhejiang Institute of Rural Revitalization/School of Economics and Management,Zhejiang A&F UniversityHangzhou 311300;3.School of Economic Management,Nanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing 210037)Abstract:【Objective】To narrow the income gaps among farmers is an important link to achieve common prosperity in rural areas.Quantitative analysis of the impact of socialized forestry services on the income gap of peasant households and its mechanism was conducted to improve the socialized forestry service system in the new era and new journey and to help achieve the common prosperity of rural planning and policy decision-making.【Methods】Based on the theories of division of labor and specialization effect,optimization of family labor allocation and promotion of forestland circulation and management,the analysis framework of the impact of socialization of forestry services on household income gap of farmers was constructed.The survey data of 2 413 households in Fujian,Jiangxi,Zhejiang,Hunan,Sichuan,Guangxi were used and the unconditional quantile regression model was applied to test the impact of socialized forestry services on household income gap,as well as to analyze the difference and decomposition effect of different adoption degrees of socialized forestry services.【Results】1)Socialized forestry services had a significant increase effect 林业科学59 卷on the income level of farmer households,and the increase effect on low-income households was greater,which was conducive to narrowing the income gap of farmers households.2)There were significant differences in the marginal contribution of socialized forestry services to the household income of farmers with different income levels.The socialized forestry services could significantly reduce the Gini coefficient,and the lower the income level,the greater the marginal contribution,the socialized forestry services could help narrow the income gap of rural households.3)The coefficient effect dominated the widening of rural household income gap.Among them,whether the head of the household is a village cadre,the proportion of forestry income,the degree of woodland fragmentation,the distance between the village and the county town,and the terrain were the main factors affecting the coefficient effect at the income levels of Q10-Q90.4)The average adoption degree of socialized forestry services was 0.354,and forestry socialized services had a good income increase effect on households with low adoption level,and the income gap of households was mainly dominated by the characteristic effect.【Conclusions】It needs to attach great importance and give full play to the positive role of socialized forestry services in reducing the income gaps among farm households,through continuous improvement of supportive policies on demand and supply of socialized forestry services for low-income farmer households,implementation of targeted incentives to stimulate and encourage farmers to actively adopt socialized forestry services to form a“demand promotes supply and supply drives demand”virtuous cycle pattern.Key words:socialized forestry service;common prosperity;household income gap;unconditional quantile regression 2022 年 10 月,党的二十大报告明确指出,建设全体人民共同富裕的中国式现代化,要通过增加低收入者收入,扩大中等收入群体,规范收入分配秩序,扎实推进共同富裕。实现共同富裕,最艰难的工作重点仍然在乡村,缩小农户家庭之间的收入差距是实 现 乡 村 共 同 富 裕 的 重 要 环 节(薛 凯 芸 等,2022)。2020 年中国农村统计年鉴数据显示,中国农村 20%高收入组家庭的年人均 可支配收入 为38 520.3 元,而 20%低收入组家庭的年人均可支配收入仅 4 681.5 元,其收入之比高达 12.15 1。农村家庭收入差距不断扩大不仅影响农村居