14档案与建设ARCHIVES&CONSTRUCTION2023年第7期论清代勘验制度与申状、申文、验文、详文发展演变吴佩华1颜丙通1王铭2（1.苏州市职业大学，江苏苏州，215104；2苏州大学，江苏苏州，215127）摘要：清代勘验是一种所涉范围广泛的政府行为，包括：官学考验，保举验看，捐纳验看，肃贪验赃，武备勘验，军兵勘验，刑法核验，工程勘验，仓库察验，盐、茶、漕验，民生核验。由此，诞生了专门的验勘机构及相应的验勘文书。从宋元申状发展到清代申文，是公文发展史上的一大变革。申状、申、验是一脉相传的文种。文章还分析了清代申文分解为“验文”“详文”的内在依据和外在特征。关键词：勘验；申状；申文；验文；详文分类号：G279.29ResearchontheRecordTypesofKanyanintheQingDynastyandtheDevelopmentandTransitionofShenzhuang,Shenwen,Yanwen,andXiangwenWuPeihua1,YanBingtong1,WangMing2(1.SuzhouVocationalUniversity,Suzhou,Jiangsu215104;2.SoochowUniversity,Suzhou,Jiangsu215127)Abstract:Kanyanisawide-ranginggovernmentactionsintheQingDynasty,includingofficialschooltests,recommendationtests,donationinspections,anti-corruptioninspections,militaryequipmentinspections,militaryinspections,criminallawinspections,engineeringinspections,warehouseinspections,salt,tea,watertransportationinspectionsandpeople'slivelihoodinspections.Asaresult,specializedKanyanagenciesandKanyanrecordsanddocumentswerecreated.ShenzhuangfromtheSongandYuanDynastiestoShenwenintheQingDynastywasamagnificentchangeandfeatinthehistoryoftheofficialdocuments.TherecordtypeofShenwasusedamongthreeofficialranks,andtherecordtypes,namelyShenzhuang,Shen,andYan,arederivedfromthesameorigin.ThearticlealsoanalyzestheinternalbasisandexternalcharacteristicsofthedecompositionofShenwenintheQingDynastyintoYanwenandXiangwen.Keywords:RecordTypes;Kanyan;Shenzhuang;Shenwen;Yanwen,Xiangwen1清代勘验概述仅从政府行为的角度考察，勘验古已有之，如《元代亦集乃路河渠司上总管府具保结呈》，文末请乞语曰“具呈亦集乃路总管府，伏乞照验施行”［1］。或许是“验”运用的频繁程度不高，故未形成“验”文种。而在清代，勘验运用十分广泛。兹检索《清史稿》，撮其大要，析类如次：官学考验。官学生每日摹晋、唐名帖数百字，朔、...
