青海QJ系列羊肚菌及栽培土壤重金属特征和健康风险评价_尹卫.pdf

Research paper 研究论文 22 March 2023,42(3):808-822 菌物学报 Mycosystema ISSN1672-6472 CN11-5180/Q Doi:10.13346/j.mycosystema.220238 资助项目：青海省科技计划科技成果转化专项(2022-NK-107)；青海省中央引导地方科技发展资金(2021ZY026)This work was supported by the Special Transformation of Scientific and Technological Achievements Project of Qinghai Province(2022-NK-107)and the Central Leading Local Science and Technology Development Fund Project of Qinghai Province(2021ZY026).*Corresponding authors.E-mail:; ORCID:YIN Wei(0000-0002-9863-1470)Received:2022-06-28;Accepted:2022-08-20 菌物学报 Copyright 2023 Institute of Microbiology,CAS.All rights reserved.| Http:/journals- Tel:+86-10-64807521 808 青海 QJ 系列羊肚菌及栽培土壤重金属特征和健康风险评价 尹卫1,2，尚千涵1，王乐1，梁健1，洒威1*，董全民1,2*1 青海大学 省部共建三江源生态与高原农牧业国家重点实验室，青海 西宁 810016 2 青海大学畜牧兽医科学院 青海省高寒草地适应性管理重点实验室，青海 西宁 810016 摘 要：羊肚菌 Morchella 作为食用菌越来越多地受到市场认可，但是羊肚菌重金属富集问题也引起了业界关注，因此研究羊肚菌及种植土壤重金属特征及存在的健康风险具有现实意义。本研究以青海省 5 个羊肚菌品种为研究对象，采用国标方法进行羊肚菌根周土壤及子实体理化指标测定。研究结果表明：(1)5个羊肚菌品种根周土壤 pH总体呈现为弱碱性，其中 QJ-2 显著高于其他，有机质含量均达到中等以上肥力水平，高到低的排序为：QJ-6QJ-9QJ-2QJ-3QJ-8。5 个品种之间根周土壤铁、铜、锌、锰和镉含量差异不显著，QJ-2 和 QJ-3 的土壤铬含量显著高于 QJ-6，QJ-3 土壤铅含量显著高于其他。(2)5 个品种子实体间镉含量差异不显著，QJ-2 子实体的铅含量显著高于其他。(3)5 个品种土壤理化指标和子实体重金属含量之间多存在显著相关性。(4)5 个品种对镉和铅两种重金属的富集系数均小于 1，健康风险评价结果表明子实体正常食用摄入的镉和铅重金属不存在健康风险。综合分析可知，5 个羊肚菌品种之间的重金属富集能力存在差异，子实体重金属含量与根周土壤重金属含量之间存在显著正相关。符合农产品标准的羊肚菌产品不存在镉和铅两种重金属健康风险。关键词：羊肚菌；根周土壤；重金属富集；相关性；健康风险评价 引用本文 尹卫，尚千涵，王乐，梁健，洒威，董全民，2023.青海 QJ 系列羊肚菌及栽培土壤重金属特征和健康风险评价.菌物学报，42(3):808-822 Yin W,Shang QH,Wang L,Liang J,Sa W,Dong QM,2023.Characteristics and health risk assessment of heavy metal in the soil cultivating QJ series of Morchella cultivars in Qinghai.Mycosystema,42(3):808-822 Research paper 22 March 2023,42(3):808-822 Mycosystema ISSN1672-6472 CN11-5180/Q 菌物学报 809 Characteristics and health risk assessment of heavy metal in the soil cultivating QJ series of Morchella cultivars in Qinghai YIN Wei1,2,SHANG Qianhan1,WANG Le1,LIANG Jian1,SA Wei1*,DONG Quanmin1,2*1 State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture,Qinghai University,Xining 810016,Qinghai,China 2 Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Adaptive Management on Alpine Grassland,Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine,Qinghai University,Xining 810016,Qinghai,China Abstract:Morchella spp.as delicacies are increasingly recognized by the market;however,the issue of heavy metal enrichment(HME)in the fruiting bodies have aroused serious attention.Hence,it is of practical significance to explore the HME characteristics of morels and their cultivated soil for further facilitating the health risk assessment of cultivated morels.In the present study,five local morel cultivars of Qinghai(QJ-2,QJ-3,QJ-6,QJ-8 and QJ-9)were used as materials to determine the physical and chemical indexes of fruiting bodies and their cultivated soils.The main results were as follows:(1)Cultivation soil of the five cultivars were slightly alkaline;soil pH of QJ-2 was significantly higher than that of the rest four.The soil organic matter(SOC)content of the soil was arranged in the order of QJ-6QJ-9QJ-2QJ-3QJ-8.The SOC in the cultivated soil of the five cultivars all reached over moderate level of fertility.Fe,Cu,Zn,Mn and Cd content of the cultivation soil showed not significant differences.Cr content in the cultivated soil of QJ-2 and QJ-3 was significantly higher than that in the soil of QJ-6;the cultivated soil of QJ-3 showed the highest level of Pb content.(2)Cd content in fruit bodies of five cultivars was not significantly different,but significant high level of Pb content was detected in the fruit bodies of QJ-2.(3)Soil physicochemical indexes and the fruit body heavy metal content of the five cultivars showed significant correlations.(4)The enrichment coefficients of Cd and Pb were less than 1 for all the five cultivars,indicating no health risk of Cd and Pb to consumers under normal diet.Comprehensive analysis draws the conclusion that the five QJ series morel cultivars significantly differ in capacity of HME,and the content of fruit body heavy metals is positively correlated with physicochemical indexes of the cultivated soil.The morel products of Qinghai accord with national agriculture product standards and no Cd-and Pb-related health risks to consumers.Keywords:Morchella;cultivateed soil;heavy metal enrichment;correlation;health risk assessment 羊肚菌Morchella隶属于子囊菌门Ascomycota盘菌纲 Pezizomycetes 盘菌目 Pezizales 羊肚菌科Morchellaceae 的大型药食两用真菌(戴玉成和杨祝良 2008；戴玉成等 2010)，具有极高的营养和经济价值(Volk&Leonard 1989；朱斗锡 2008；杜习慧等 2014；Wu et al.2019)。因其具有肉质脆嫩、味道鲜美和营养成分全面丰富的特点，是理想的保健和功能性食品(McKellar&Kohrman 1975；兰进等 1999；Azevedo et al.2021)，越来越多地受到国内外消费者的广泛认可(任怡莲等 2020)。在经济利益的驱使下，野生羊肚菌过度采集愈发严重，野生资源大量消失(杜习慧等 2014)。在生态压力和经济效益的双重影响下，人工栽培羊肚菌快速发展，目前市售的羊肚菌主要以人工栽培产品为主，人工种植规模进一步扩大。尹卫 等/青海QJ系列羊肚菌及栽培土壤重金属特征和健康风险评价 研究论文 菌物学报 810 羊肚菌走进百姓餐桌的同时必须关注重金属富集的相关问题，已有研究表明香菇、姬松茸、球盖菇和双孢菇等食用菌能够从土壤中吸收镉等重金属，子实体存在不同程度的重金属健康风险(Damodaran et al.2013；Amjad et al.2017；Ma et al.2019；Stoknes et al.2019)。羊肚菌生长过程中同样存在重金属耐受现象，子实体中镉元素含量存在健康风险(Isildak et al.2004；Gursoy et al.2009；Ozturk et al.2010；