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青霉素
类药物
皮试
阴性
患者
临床
特征
危险
因素
分析
孟佳
8Kobayashi S,Ogura M,Hosoya T Acute neutropenia associatedwith initiation of febuxostat therapy for hyperuricaemia in pa-tients with chronic kidney diseaseJ J Clin Pharm Ther,2013,38(3):258-2619Poh XE,Lee CT,Pei SN Febuxostat-induced agranulocytosisin an end-stage renal disease patient:a case reportJ Medicine(Baltimore),2017,96(2):e5863 10 Naranjo CA,Busto O,Sellers EM,et al A method for estima-ting the probability of adverse drug reactionJ Clin Pharma-col Ther,1981,30(2):239-245 11 Naranjo CA,Shear NH,Lanctt KL Advances in the diagnosisof adverse drug reactions J J Clin Pharmacol,1992,32(10):897-904 12 张青霞,李博宇,侯凯旋 四例氯吡格雷致白细胞和中性粒细胞减少患者的药学服务J 实用药物与临床,2016,19(10):1290-1293 13 张觅,程虹,刘巍,等 非化疗药物引起的粒细胞缺乏及其干预J 药物流行病学杂志,2015,24(4):246-249 14 刘金梁,陈佰义 中性粒细胞减少症与药物不良反应J 中国感染与化疗杂志,2011,11(6):474-478 15 刘园园,丁楠,曹爱霖,等 哌拉西林他唑巴坦钠联用甲硝唑致白细胞、粒细胞减少一例并文献复习J 实用药物与临床,2019,22(1):21-26 16 Andersohn F,Konzen C,Garbe E Systematic review:agranulo-cytosis induced by nonchemotherapy drugsJ Ann InternMed,2007,146(9):657-665 17 Ibez L,Vidal X,Ballarn E,et al Population-based drug-in-duced agranulocytosisJ Arch Intern Med,2005,165(8):869-874 18 Curtis B Drug-induced immune neutropenia/agranulocytosis J Immunohematology,2014,30(2):95-101 19 Mayer MD,Khosravan,Vernillet L,et al Pharmacokineticsand pharmacodynamics of febuxostat,a new non-purine selec-tive inhibitor of xanthine oxidase in subjects with renal impair-ment J Am J Ther,2005,12(1):22-34(本文编辑:刘立民)收稿日期:2022 09 27作者单位:1.衡水市人民医院药学部,河北 衡水 053000;2.衡水市第二人民医院药剂科,河北 衡水 053000;3.衡水市第四人民医院药剂科,河北 衡水 053000;4.衡水市妇幼保健院药剂科,河北 衡水 053000*通信作者DOI:1014053/j cnki ppcr 202302011青霉素类药物皮试阴性患者发生过敏反应的临床特征及危险因素分析孟佳1,张静宇2,张婉3,孙静4,张媛媛1*摘要 目的探讨青霉素类药物皮试阴性患者发生过敏反应的临床特征及危险因素。方法筛选2017 年 1 月至 2022 年 5 月衡水市 4 家医院 AD 监测中心报告的青霉素类药物皮试阴性、用药期间发生的青霉素类药物致过敏反应的病例报道,按照患者性别与年龄、药品名称、用法用量、过敏反应发生时间、累及器官/系统及临床表现和转归等进行统计分析。结果共纳入 121 例患者,男女比例为 11.42;发生比例最高的年龄段为 65 岁(55/121,45.45%);药品主要为阿莫西林克拉维酸钾、哌拉西林他唑巴坦钠和青霉素;给药途径以静脉滴注为主(114/121,94.21%);发生时间以用药第 1 天内最多(71/121,58.65%);主要表现为局部红斑或皮疹、瘙痒、胸闷气短、血压下降等。年龄(65 岁)、恶性肿瘤、慢性肾功能不全、低蛋白血症(25 g/L)是青霉素类药物皮试阴性患者发生过敏反应的独立危险因素(P 0.05)。结论临床医师、护师和药师应全面掌握青霉素类药物皮试阴性患者发生过敏反应的特点,对合并高危因素的患者应予以高度警惕,提高过敏反应鉴别能力。关键词 青霉素类药物;皮试阴性;过敏反应;危险因素Analysis of clinical features and risk factors of allergic reactions in patients withnegative skin tests to penicillinsMeng Jia1,Zhang Jingyu2,Zhang Wan3,Sun Jing4,Zhang Yuanyuan1*(1 Department of Pharmacy,Hengshui Peoples Hospital,Hengshui 053000,China;2 Department of Pharmacy,Heng-shui Second Peoples Hospital,Hengshui 053000,China;3 Department of Pharmacy,Hengshui Fourth Peoples Hospi-tal,Hengshui 053000,China;4 Department of Pharmacy,Hengshui Maternal and Child Health Hospital,Hengshui053000,China)*Corresponding author Abstract ObjectiveTo explore the clinical features and risk factors of allergic reactions by penicillins in pa-tients with negative skin test MethodsCase reports of allergic adverse reactions to penicillins in patients with nega-tive skin tests were screened in AD monitoring centers of 4 hospitals in Hengshui from January 2017 to May 2022Statistical analysis was carried out based on the gender and age of the patients,the name of the drugs,usage anddosage,the time of allergic reaction,the involved organs/systems,clinical manifestations and outcomes esultsA to-tal of 121 patients were included in this study In these cases,the ratio of males to females was 11.42 Most of the al-441实用药物与临床 2023 年第 26 卷第 2 期Practical Pharmacy And Clinical emedies,2023,Vol26,No 2lergic reactions occurred among elderly patients who are over 60 years old(55/121,45.45%)The drugs mainly wereamoxicillin-clavulanate potassium,piperacillin-tazobactam and penicillin The main route of administration was intrave-nous drip(114/121,94.21%)Allergic reactions mainly occurred within 1 day of medication(71/121,58.65%)Themain clinical manifestations were local erythema or rash,itching,chest tightness,shortness of breath,and decreasedblood pressure Age(65 years old),malignant tumor,chronic renal insufficiency,and hypoalbuminemia(25 g/L)were independent risk factors for allergic reactions in patients with negative penicillin skin test(P 0.05)ConclusionClinicians,nurses and pharmacists should fully grasp the characteristics of allergic reactions in patients with negativepenicillin skin tests,and should be highly alert to patients with high risk factors to improve the ability to identify allergicreactionsKey words:Penicillins;Negative skin test;Allergic reaction;isk factors0引言过敏反应是青霉素类药物最常见的不良反应,总发生率约为 3%10%,其中最严重的过敏性休克发生率约为 0.4%1.5%1。基于此,中华人民共和国药典临床用药须知(2015 年版)2 规定,临床在使用青霉素类药物前需做皮肤敏感试验,试验结果呈阴性后方可使用,而呈阳性反应的患者禁用。然而,在临床中经常出现青霉素类药物皮试阴性的患者在用药期间发生过敏反应,由于临床医师和护师对此鉴别能力不足或重视程度不足,容易出现延误抢救导致死亡3。为真实了解青霉素类药物皮试阴性患者发生过敏反应的临床特征和危险因素,本文选取本地区 4 家医疗机构药物不良反应监测中心报告的青霉素类药物皮试阴性患者发生过敏反应的病例进行分析,以期为青霉素类药物安全用药提供参考。1资料与方法1.1资料来源收集 2017 年 1 月至 2022 年 5 月衡水市人民医院、衡水市第二人民医院、衡水市第四人民医院和衡水市妇幼保健院药物不良反应监测中心报告的青霉素类药物皮试阴性患者发生过敏不良反应的病例报道。纳入标准:有明确的青霉素类药物用药指征;严格按照青霉素皮肤试验专家共识1 进行皮试操作;过敏反应与青霉素类药物关联性评价为“肯定、很可能或可能”;临床病历资料完整、数据准确可靠。排除标准:青霉素类药物皮试呈阳性 青霉素皮