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2012
2020
雅安市
农药
中毒
流行病学
特征
分析
职业卫生与病伤2023年2月第38卷第1期Occupational Health and DamageFeb.2023,Vol.38,No.1作者简介:李美(1987-),女,硕士,主治医师,劳动卫生与环境卫生,E-mail:【疾病防治】20122020年雅安市生活性农药中毒流行病学特征分析李美1,冯德全2,刘念31雅安职业技术学院,四川 雅安 625000;2雅安市疾病预防控制中心,四川 雅安 625000;3雅安市人民医院,四川 雅安 625000摘要目的分析雅安市生活性农药中毒流行病学特征,并针对存在的问题提出预防控制措施。方法从中国疾病预防控制信息系统的职业病与职业卫生信息监测系统获取雅安市20122020年的生活性农药中毒病例信息,结合雅安市统计局发布统计年鉴中常住人口数,使用SPSS 20.0软件进行统计分析,采用描述性流行病学方法和卡方检验进行发病特征分析,检验水准0.05。结果20122020年雅安市报告生活性农药中毒3654例,年平均发病率为26.59/10万,病死率为3.59%。自服农药中毒者病死率显著高于误服中毒者(217.218,P0.001)。农药中毒发生无明显季节性;病例构成和发病率均以汉源县最多,而病死率以宝兴县、汉源县和石棉县较高;中毒病例男女性别比为1 1.19,不同性别误服农药中毒病例死亡率差异无统计学意义,而男性自服农药中毒病例病死率显著高于女性(28.375,P0.004),各年龄组均有生活性农药中毒病例发生,中毒者以青壮年居多,其中09岁组中毒类型主要为误服,10岁以上年龄组主要为自服,差异有统计学意义(2637.369,P0.001)。生活性农药中毒的农药种类主要为杀虫剂(43.98%,1607/3654),其次为除草剂(35.28%,1289/3654),病死率最高者为有机磷杀虫剂(8.02%,63/786),其次为百草枯(6.62%,36/544)。结论雅安市生活性农药中毒历年均有发生,除09岁主要为误服中毒外,其余均以自服为主。自服农药中毒者病死率高于误服者,而生活性自服农药中毒病例中,男性病死率更高。建议分年龄段、性别、地区采取有针对性的防治措施以减少生活性农药中毒的发生。关键词生活性农药中毒;误服农药中毒;自服农药中毒;流行病学特征中图分类号R595.4文献标识码A文章编号 1006-172X(2023)01-0012-06Epidemiological characteristics of domestic pesticide poisoningin Yaan City from 2012 to 2020LI Mei1,FENG De-quan1,LIU Nian21Yaan Polytechnic College,Yaan 625000,Sichuan Province,China.2Yaan Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Yaan 625000,Sichuan Province,China.3Yaan People s Hospital,Yaan 625000,Sichuan Province,China.AbstractObjectiveTo analyze the epidemiological characteristics of domestic pesticide poisoningin Yaan City,and to put forward prevention and control measures for the existing problems.MethodsTheinformationofdomesticpesticidepoisoningcasesin YaanCityfrom2012to2020wasobtained from the Occupational Disease and Occupational Health Information Monitoring System ofChina Disease Control and Prevention Information System.The incidence characteristics were analyzedby descriptive epidemiological methods and chi-square test using SPSS 20.0 software combined withthe resident population in the statistical yearbook published by Yaan Bureau of Statistics.And the12职业卫生与病伤2023年2月第38卷第1期Occupational Health and DamageFeb.2023,Vol.38,No.1test level was 0.05.ResultsFrom 2012 to 2020,3 654 cases of domestic pesticide poisoningwere reported in Yaan City,with an average annual incidence of 26.59/105and a case fatality rateof 3.59%.The case fatality rate of those who self-administered pesticide was significantly higherthan that of accidentally administered pesticide(217.218,P0.001).There was no obviousseasonality of pesticide poisoning.Hanyuan County had the highest case composition and incidence,and the case fatality rate was higher in Baoxing County,Hanyuan County,and Shimian County.Theratio of male to female was 11.19.There was no significant difference in the case mortality rate ofaccidental pesticide poisoning between different genders.The case fatality rate of self-administeredpesticide poisoning cases in males was significantly higher than that in females(28.375,P0.004).Cases of domestic pesticide poisoning occurred in all age groups,and most of the victims wereyoung adults.The main type of poisoning was accidental ingestion in 0-9 years old group and self-ingestion in over 10 years old group,and the difference was statistically significant(2637.369,P0.001).The main pesticide types of domestic pesticide poisoning were insecticides(43.98%,1607/3654),followed by herbicides(35.28%,1 289/3 654).Organophosphorus insecticides(8.02%,63/786)causedthehighestmortalityrate,followedbyparaquat(6.62%,36/544).ConclusionsDomestic pesticide poisoning occurred in Yaan City over the years.Except for those aged 0-9 yearswho were mainly poisoned by accidental use,the other cases were mainly self-administered.Thecase fatality rate of pesticide poisoning among self-administered cases was higher than that amongaccidentally administered cases.The mortality rate was higher in male cases of domestic self-administered pesticide poisoning.It is suggested to take targeted measures according to age,genderand region to reduce the occurrence of domestic pesticide poisoning.Keywordsdomestic pesticide poisoning;accidental pesticide poisoning;self-administered pesticidepoisoning;epidemiological characteristics农药是农业生产活动过程中必不可少的物质,除农业从业者使用不当导致自身健康损害外,由于农药使用管理不当,也常出现误服农药中毒和自服农药中毒情况。目前农药中毒仍是发展中国家的重大公共卫生问题,我国又是农药使用大国,一直以来因自服或误服农药引起的生活性中毒案例层出不穷,甚至有误触农药引起的群体性中毒事件报道1,严重影响人民健康和生命安全。按 四川省职业病报告工作规范 和中国疾病预防控制中心发布的 职业病报告技术规范 要求,中国疾病预防控制信息系统的职业病与职业卫生信息监测系统(以下简称网报系统)登记报告的农药中毒病例,包括生产性农药中毒和生活性农药中毒。其中生产性农药中毒为在农、林业等生产活动中使用农药发生中毒者,不包括生产农药而发生中毒者,仅限于生产性自用和生产性受雇引起的生产性农药中毒;生活性农药中毒为误服或自服等生活性中毒,不包括因农药污染食物而引起的食物中毒和投毒事件引发的中毒。本文对20122020年雅安市生活性农药中毒报告病例数据进行分析,阐述雅安市生活性农药中毒的特征,为预防和减少生活性农药中毒的发生提供科学依据。1材料和方法1.1资料来源 从中国疾病预防控制信息系统的职业病与职业卫生信息监测系统直接获取 20122020年雅安市的生活性农药中毒病例信息,包括生活性农药中毒患者的个人基本信息、中毒时间、中毒类型、中毒农药种类和中毒后转归等。通过雅安市统计局查询 20122020 年统计年鉴和雅安市第 7 次全国人口普查公报,获取历年雅安市人口数据基本信息,用于计算发病率。本调查所指生活性农药中毒为误服或自服等生活性中毒,不包括因农药污染食物而引起的食物中毒和投毒事件引发的中毒。13职业卫生与病伤2023年2月第38卷第1期Occupational Health and DamageFeb.2023,Vol.38,No.11.2统计分析用 Excel 2010 和 SPSS 20.0 软件对数据进行统计分析,采用描述性流行病学方法和卡方检验进行发病特征分析,检验水准0.05。2结果2