带状采伐宽度对毛竹林地下竹鞭结构特征的影响_蔡宗明.pdf

doi：10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20210803带状采伐宽度对毛竹林地下竹鞭结构特征的影响*蔡宗明1邓智文1李秉钧1李士坤2温伟庆2荣俊冬1郑郁善1陈礼光1（1.福建农林大学林学院福州 350002；2.漳平市林业局龙岩 361000）摘要：【目的】研究不同宽度带状采伐下毛竹地下竹鞭结构和数量特征的差异，旨在探究毛竹鞭根生长对带状采伐的适应机制，为毛竹林经营提供理论参考。【方法】选择立地条件和竹龄结构一致、坡向相同的毛竹纯林，在 2016年 11 月进行带状采伐，采伐带宽分别为 6、8、10 m，设置 3 种采伐带宽的长度为 30 m 的采伐带样地，并在采伐带样地之间设置同样标准的保留带；在 2019 年 10 月对不同宽度采伐带和保留带样地的竹鞭生长指标进行调查分析，测定不同土层、不同鞭龄的竹鞭的总鞭长、鞭节数、平均鞭径、平均节间长、鞭干质量等指标，分析其对不同采伐带宽的响应差异。【结果】1）在 8 m 采伐带的竹鞭的总鞭长和鞭干质量显著高于 6 m 采伐带（P0.05），但与 10 m 采伐带差异不显著；8 m采伐带的平均鞭径显著低于 10 m 采伐带（P0.05），但与 6 m 采伐带的差异不显著；8 m 采伐带的鞭节数显著高于 6 m和 10 m 采伐带（P0.05）；3 种宽度采伐带之间的竹鞭平均节间长无显著差异，但随带宽增加表现出降低趋势。相比于保留带，3 种宽度采伐带的竹鞭总鞭长、鞭节数和鞭干质量均呈增加趋势。2）与保留带相比，各竹鞭年龄阶段的结构特征在不同宽度采伐带间表现出变幅差异。在幼龄鞭段，8 m 带宽采伐带的总鞭长、平均节间长和鞭干质量的增幅分别达到 49.20%、45.48%、58.38%；在壮龄鞭段，6 m 和 8 m 采伐带的总鞭长、鞭节数和鞭干质量显著增加（P0.05）；在老龄鞭段，6、8 m 采伐带的竹鞭总鞭长、鞭节数和鞭干质量均出现降低，10 m 采伐带则相反。3）在 0 20 和 20 40 cm 土层，8 m 和 10 m 采伐带的鞭节数和鞭干质量较保留带均显著增加（P0.05），其中 020 cm 土层中 8 m 带宽的总鞭长、鞭节数和鞭干质量较保留带的增幅达 80.83%、87.50%和 45.27%，10 m 带宽的平均鞭径和平均节间长较保留带减少了 7.25%和 5.34%。在 20 40 cm 土层中，8 m 采伐带中竹鞭的 5 项指标相较于保留带均有所增加，尤其是总鞭长、鞭节数和鞭干质量的增量达显著性水平。4）采伐带的总鞭芽数量特征总体优于保留带，其中 8 m 采伐带的总鞭芽数显著高于 6 m 和10 m 采伐带（P0.05），3 种带宽之间的保留带总鞭芽数无显著差异；不同宽度带状采伐的竹鞭的弱芽比例均高于壮芽比例，8 m 采伐带的壮芽比例最高（33.75%），6 m 采伐带的空芽节比例最高（18.26%）。【结论】在本研究中，8 m 带宽处理的毛竹林的竹鞭各指标总体优于 6 m 和 10 m 带宽，因此建议毛竹林的机械化经营可考虑采用 8 m 采伐带宽。合理的采伐带宽能够促进毛竹林竹鞭的延伸和扩展，并可能会进一步地改善毛竹林的笋、材产量和质量以及经营效益，也能为将来的机械化经营提供采伐带宽参考。关键词：毛竹；带状采伐；竹鞭；数量特征中图分类号：S718.43文献标识码：A文章编号：10017488(2023)04007909Effects of Strip-cutting Width on the Structural Characteristics of Underground BambooRhizome in Moso Bamboo ForestsCai Zongming1Deng Zhiwen1Li Bingjun1Li Shikun2Wen Weiqing2Rong Jundong1Zheng Yushan1Chen Liguang1（1.College of Forestry,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou 350002；2.Zhangping Forestry BureauLongyan 361000）Abstract：【Objective】In this study,the effect of strip cutting with different widths on the structural characteristics ofunderground rhizomes of Phyllostachys edulis was investigated,in order to explore the adaptation mechanism of undergroundrhizome system of P.edulis to strip cutting with different widths,and provide a theoretical basis for the scientific management of P.edulisforests.【Method】A pure bamboo forest with the same site conditions,bamboo age structure,and slope aspect was targeted,andstrip cuttings were conducted with three different strip widths,6 m,8 m,and 10 m,and a strip length of 30 m.The same standardreserved bands between the cutting strips were set.In October 2019,the bamboo rhizome characteristics in the different width 收稿日期：20211026；修回日期：20230306。基金项目：“十三五”国家重点研发计划（2016YFD0600902）；福建农林大学科技创新专项基金（CXZX2016070）；福建省科技创新团队“环境友好型竹资源精准培育与利用”项目（闽教科 201849 号）。*陈礼光为通讯作者。第 59 卷 第 4 期林业科学 Vol.59，No.42 0 2 3 年 4 月SCIENTIA SILVAE SINICAEApr.，2 0 2 3cutting bands and reserved bands were investigated.The total rhizome length,rhizome node number,average rhizome diameter,average internode length,rhizome dry weight and other indicators in different soil layers and different rhizome age were measured,and the indicators were used for analysis of their response differences to different logging bandwidths.【Result】1)The totallength and dry weight of bamboo rhizome in 8 m cutting band were significantly greater than those in 6 m cutting band(P 0.05),but had no significant difference with those in 10 m cutting band.The average rhizome diameter of 8 m cutting band wassignificantly smaller than that of 10 m cutting band(P 0.05),but not significantly different from that of 6 m cutting band.Thenumber of rhizome nodes in 8 m cutting band was significantly greater than that in 6 m and 10 m cutting bands(P 0.05).Therewas no significant difference in the average internode length of bamboo rhizome among the three width cutting bands,but thelength showed a decreasing trend with the increase of bandwidth.Compared with the reserved strip,the total rhizome length,rhizome node number and rhizome dry weight of three kinds of cutting strips showed an increasing trend.2)Compared with theretention zone,the structural characteristics of the each rhizome age stage showed different amplitudes of variation amongdifferent width cutting zones.In the young rhizome section,the total rhizome length,average internode length and rhizome dryweight in the 8 m bandwidth harvesting band increased by 49.20%,45.48%and 58.38%,respectively.In the middle-aged rhizomesection,the total rhizome length,rhizome number and rhizome dry weight in 6 m and 8 m cutting bands increased significantly(P 0.05).In the old rhizome section,the total rhizome length,rhizome node number and rhizome dry weight of bamboo rhizomes in the 6 m and 8 m cutting bands decreased,while those in the 10 m cutting band was the opposite.3)In 020 and 2040 cm soil layers,the number and dry weight of rhizomes in 8 m and 10 m cutting bands were significantly greater than those inreserved bands(P 0.05).In 020 cm soil layer,the total rhizome length,number and dry weight of rhizomes in 8 m cutting bandwere 80.83%,87.50%and 45.27%greater than those in reserved band