电磁场辅助激光熔覆技术的研究进展_王茜.pdf

表面技术 第 52 卷 第 6 期 166 SURFACE TECHNOLOGY 2023 年 6 月 收稿日期：20220331；修订日期：20220517 Received：2022-03-31；Revised：2022-05-17 基金项目：国家自然科学基金（51874091，52101087）；辽宁省教育厅优秀青年科技人才项目（2020LNQN01）；辽宁科技大学青年教师科研基金（2019QN02）Fund：National Natural Science Foundation of China(51874091,52101087);Outstanding Youth Science and Technology Foundation of the Educational Department of Liaoning Province(2020LNQN01);Youth Fund in University of Science and Technology Liaoning(2019QN02)作者简介：王茜（1991），女，博士，副教授，主要研究方向为材料表面改性、高温腐蚀与防护。Biography：WANG Qian(1991-),Female,Doctor,Associate professor,Research focus:material surface modification,high temperature corrosion and protection.通讯作者：张峻巍（1973），男，博士，教授，主要研究方向为激光先进制造技术、材料成形与热处理。Corresponding author：ZHANG Jun-wei(1973-),Male,Doctor,Professor,Research focus:laser advanced manufacturing technology,material forming and heat treatment.引文格式：王茜,张亮,李倩,等.电磁场辅助激光熔覆技术的研究进展J.表面技术,2023,52(6):166-179.WANG Qian,ZHANG Liang,LI Qian,et al.Research Progress of Electromagnetic Field Assisted Laser Cladding TechnologyJ.Surface Technology,2023,52(6):166-179.电磁场辅助激光熔覆技术的研究进展 王茜1，张亮2a,3，李倩1，张峻巍1，班春燕2b（1.辽宁科技大学 材料与冶金学院，辽宁 鞍山 114051；2.东北大学 a.材料科学与工程学院 b.材料电磁过程研究教育部重点实验室，沈阳 110819；3.抚顺隆烨化工有限公司，辽宁 抚顺 113217）摘要：激光熔覆技术在装备制造、石油化工等领域有着广泛应用，但熔覆层裂纹、气孔和夹杂、溶质元素分布不均匀及表面起伏等问题严重制约了其应用。因而，提高熔覆层质量，特别是减少高硬材料熔覆层裂纹，对发展激光增材制造和再制造技术具有重要意义。电磁场辅助激光熔覆技术具有组合形式多样、工艺可控性强、作用效果显著等特点，通过在激光熔覆过程中施加电磁场，利用电磁力对熔池的搅拌作用改变传质传热过程，可以实现提高熔覆层质量、细化微观组织、改善性能的目的。在介绍电磁场辅助激光熔覆技术的应用背景及技术特点的基础上，系统总结了国内外关于电磁场辅助激光熔覆技术相关研究的最新进展。梳理概括了电磁场对激光熔覆过程的影响机制，讨论了电磁场对熔体运动行为和凝固过程的影响机理。电磁场对熔体运动行为的影响主要体现在电磁搅拌效应、电磁制动效应、热电磁流体效应、电迁移效应、趋肤效应等方面；对熔体凝固过程的影响主要体现在晶粒破碎作用、原子团起伏效应、焦耳热效应等方面。同时，详细分析了不同电磁场形式（单一磁场、单一电场及电磁复合场）对激光熔覆涂层组织和性能的影响，并对比分析了不同电磁场形式的优缺点和差异性。归纳了现阶段应用于电磁场辅助激光熔覆的涂层材料体系，包括铁基涂层、镍基涂层、钴基涂层及复合涂层，重点讨论了电磁场对各类涂层组织成分均匀化和析出相及强化相分布规律影响的内在机理。同时结合电磁超声多场耦合辅助激光熔覆技术的最新成果，阐述了电磁场和超声场的耦合作用对激光熔覆涂层的影响。最后对现阶段电磁场辅助激光熔覆技术存在的问题及未来发展方向进行了展望。关键词：激光熔覆；电磁场；研究进展；材料体系；多场耦合 中图分类号：TG178 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1001-3660(2023)06-0166-14 DOI：10.16490/ki.issn.1001-3660.2023.06.015 第 52 卷 第 6 期 王茜，等：电磁场辅助激光熔覆技术的研究进展 167 Research Progress of Electromagnetic Field Assisted Laser Cladding Technology WANG Qian1,ZHANG Liang2a,3,LI Qian1,ZHANG Jun-wei1,BAN Chun-yan2b(1.School of Materials and Metallurgy,University of Science and Technology Liaoning,Liaoning Anshan 114051,China;2.a.School of Materials Science and Technology,b.Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Processing of Materials of Ministry of Education,Northeastern University,Shenyang 110819,China;3.Fushun Longye Chemical Co.,Ltd.,Liaoning Fushun 113217,China)ABSTRACT:Laser cladding technology has been widely applied in the equipment manufacturing,petrochemical and other fields.However,problems including cracks,holes,inclusions,uneven distribution of solution elements and surface fluctuation in the cladding coatings have restricted its application.Thus,in order to develop the laser manufacturing and remanufacturing technology,it is of great significance to improve the quality of the cladding coatings,especially to reduce the cracks in the coatings with high hardness.Electromagnetic field assisted laser cladding technology has the characteristics of multiple combination forms,strong controllability and remarkable effect.By applying electromagnetic field during the laser cladding process,the stirring effect of the electromagnetic force on the molten pool can change the mass and heat transfer process,which can finally improve the quality of the cladding coating,refine microstructure and improve performance.The application background and technical characteristics of electromagnetic field assisted laser cladding technology were introduced and the latest research progress of electromagnetic field assisted laser cladding technology in China and abroad was systematically reviewed.The effect mechanism of electromagnetic field on laser cladding process was summarized,and the effect mechanism of electromagnetic field on melt motion behavior and solidification process was discussed in detail.The effect of electromagnetic field on melt movement behavior was mainly reflected in electromagnetic stirring effect,electromagnetic braking effect,thermoelectric magnetofluid effect,electric migration effect and skin effect.The effect of electromagnetic field on melt solidification process was mainly reflected in grain breakage effect,radical fluctuation effect and Joule heating effect.The effects of different electromagnetic fields(single magnetic field,single electric field and electromagnetic composite field)on the microstructure and properties of laser cladding layers were analyzed in detail.The advantages and disadvantages of different electromagnetic fields were also compared and analyzed.Moreover,the material systems of electromagnetic field assisted laser cladding coatings were summarized,including Fe-based coatings,Ni-based coatings,Co-based coatings and composite coatings.The internal mechanism of the effect of electromagnetic field on the homogenization of the microstructure,together with th