番茄
种质
芽期耐
低温
评价
指标
筛选
刘文娟
收稿日期:2022-04-27 基金项目:宁夏回族自治区农业特色优势产业育种专项(NXNYYZ20200101)和宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划(重大)重点项目(2019BBF02022)共同资助。作者简介:刘文娟,硕士研究生。E-mail:*通信作者:王晓敏,副教授。E-mail:wangxiaomin_ 安徽农业大学学报,2023,50(3):437-445 Journal of Anhui Agricultural University DOI 10.13610/ki.1672-352x.20230625.018 网络出版时间:2023-06-27 10:10:50 URL https:/ 番茄种质芽期耐低温性评价及耐低温指标筛选 刘文娟1,田 雨1,马晓鑫1,王晓敏1,2,3*,宋丽娜1,杨 宏1,李利平1,程国新1,2,3,郭 猛1,2,3,高艳明1,2,3,李建设1,2,3(1.宁夏大学葡萄酒与园艺学院,银川 750021;2.宁夏现代设施园艺工程技术研究中心,银川 750021;3.宁夏优势特色作物现代分子育种重点实验室,银川 750021)摘 要:为筛选种子芽期耐低温的番茄种质资源及耐低温性评价的关键指标,以 25 份番茄种质资源为材料,分别测定 15 和 25 下其发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、萌发指数、抗寒指数、发芽受损率、胚根长度、活力指数、鲜重和干重共 10 个指标,比较上述指标的性状相对值并对其进行相关性分析、主成分分析和隶属函数分析,对番茄种质资源芽期耐低温性进行综合评价;利用综合评价值(D),采用组间联接法和欧氏距离对种质资源进行聚类分析;采用逐步回归分析法建立番茄种质资源芽期耐低温性最优回归方程,并筛选耐低温性评价的关键指标。结果表明:材料 1(20cl0347-0)的 D 最大,为 0.984,其芽期耐低温性最强;材料 23(20cl2147-0)的 D 最小,为 0.075,其耐低温性最弱。25 份番茄种质资源材料分为 5 类,其中高度耐低温型种质为 20cl0347-0,耐低温型种质 5 份、中度耐低温型 10 份、敏感型 6 份和高度敏感型 3 份。番茄种质资源芽期耐低温性最优回归方程为 D=0.411+0.027X2+0.128X3+0.053X6+0.038X8+0.035X9,筛选出耐低温性评价的关键指标依次为:相对发芽势、相对发芽指数、相对胚根长度、相对鲜重及相对干重,可用于番茄种质资源芽期耐低温性高效评价。关键词:番茄;芽期;耐低温;聚类分析;综合评价 中图分类号:S641.2 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1672-352X(2023)03-0437-09 Evaluation of low temperature tolerance of tomato germplasm at bud stage and screening of indexes of low temperature tolerance LIU Wenjuan1,TIAN Yu1,MA Xiaoxin1,WANG Xiaomin1,2,3,SONG Lina1,YANG Hong1,LI Liping1,CHENG Guoxin1,2,3,GUO Meng1,2,3,GAO Yanming1,2,3,LI Jianshe1,2,3(1.College of Enology and Horticulture,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021;2.Ningxia Modern Facility Horticulture Engineering Technology Research Center,Yinchuan 750021;3.Ningxia Key Laboratory of Modern Molecular Breeding of Dominant and Char-acteristic Crops,Yinchuan 750021)Abstract:In order to screen tomato germplasm resources with low temperature tolerance at the seed buding stage and the key indexes for the evaluation of low temperature tolerance,in this study,25 tomato germplasm re-sources were used as materials to determine 10 indexes at 15 and 25:germination rate,germination potential,germination index,sprouting index,cold resistance index,germination damage rate,radicle length,vitality index,whole plant fresh weight and whole plant dry weight,the relative values of the above indexes were compared,and the correlation analysis,principal component analysis and membership function analysis were carried out to com-prehensively evaluate the low temperature tolerance of tomato germplasm resources at the bud stage.Through comprehensive evaluation value(D),cluster analysis of germplasm resources was carried out by inter-group con-nection method and Euclidean distance.The optimal regression equation of low temperature tolerance of tomato germplasm resources at the bud stage was established by stepwise regression analysis,and the key indexes for the evaluation of low temperature tolerance were selected.The results showed that:the D of material 1(20cl0347-0)was the largest,which was 0.984,and its low temperature resistance was the strongest at the bud stage;the D of 438 安 徽 农 业 大 学 学 报 2023 年 material 23(20cl2147-0)was the smallest,which was 0.075,and its low temperature resistance was the weakest.Twenty-five tomato germplasm resources were divided into five categories,including 20cl0347-0 for high degree low temperature tolerance,5 copies with low degree temperature tolerance,10 copies with moderate low degree temperature tolerance,6 copies of sensitivity and 3 copies of high degree sensitivity.The optimal regression equa-tion of tomato germplasm resources at the bud stage with low temperature tolerance was D=0.411+0.027X2+0.128X3+0.053X6+0.038X8+0.035X9,and the key indexes for the evaluation of low temperature tolerance were selected as follows:relative germination potential,relative germination index,relative radicle length,relative whole plant fresh weight and relative whole plant dry weight,which can be used for efficient evaluation of low temperature tolerance at the bud stage of tomato germplasm resources.Key words:tomato;bud stage;low temperature resistance;cluster analysis;comprehensive evaluation 番茄(Solanum lycopersicum Mill.)又名西红柿、洋柿子、番柿,是一种茄科一年或多年生喜温蔬菜1,原产于热带、亚热带地区,因其色香味浓、营养丰富深受广大人民的喜欢,被广泛种植于世界各地2。温度在番茄生长发育过程中发挥着重要的作用3,低温是番茄在反季节设施栽培和早春露地栽培中的非生物胁迫限制因子4,会抑制番茄种子萌发、植株的生长发育,降低果实产量及品质5。因此筛选耐低温种质,培育耐低温番茄品种,对提高果实产量、增加农民收益具有重要的现实意义。种子萌发是植物生长发育的第一阶段,对温度变化敏感6。番茄种子发芽最适温度为 20 30 7,赵波等8测定 10、15、20 及 25 下 9 个加工番茄品种的发芽率指标,通过比较 4 个温度下种子发芽率,发现 15 和 20 可作为番茄耐低温性评价温度。赵云霞等9测定25 和 15 下 27 份番茄种质资源种子萌发过程中的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数和发芽受损率 4 个指标,利用以上指标的性状相对值计算各自隶属函数值,以隶属函数平均值筛选出 4 份耐低温性强的番茄种质资源。关志华等10测定 34 份樱桃番茄 15 下种子发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、胚根长度和相对电导率 5 个指标,综合比较以上指标,筛选了 2 份耐低温性较好的种质。梅燕11测定 28和 15 下 40 份番茄种质资源种子的发芽率及苗期冷害指数 2 个指标,通过比较相对发芽率与冷害指数,筛选出 5 份耐低温种质资源。黄贺等12测定 9和 22 下 66 份甘蓝型油菜发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数及平均发芽时间 4 个指标,利用相关性分析、隶属函数分析、聚类分析等多元统计分析法,筛选出 1 份极端耐低温品种及 1 份敏感品种。金明等13测定 15 和 28 下种子的发芽率等 9 个指标,通过主成分及隶属函数分析,对 49 份水稻种质资源进行耐低温性综合评价,运用聚类分析将 49 份种质分为5 类,采用逐步回归分析建立回归方程,并筛选了耐低温评价关键指标。综上所述,前人评价番茄耐低温性仅用 1 5个指标,评价指标不全面且多以各指标间互相比较或仅用隶属函数法进行耐低温性评价,评价方法单一,而主成分分析等多元统计法已运用于多种植物的综合评价中,避免人为主观性带来的试验误差,且