不同LED光质配比和光照强...掌新品种福星组织培养的影响_顾梦云.pdf

收稿日期：2023-02-06基金项目：广州市基础与应用基础研究项目（202102080173）作者简介：顾梦云（1993），女，硕士，研究方向为花卉植物组织培养，E-mail：通信作者：周晓云（1973），女，硕士，正高级农艺师，研究方向为植物病理及花卉育种栽培，E-mail：广东农业科学 2023，50（5）：46-55Guangdong Agricultural Sciences DOI:10.16768/j.issn.1004-874X.2023.05.006顾梦云，曾伟达，宿庆连，黄明翅，冯肖梅，刘艳艳，张雪莲，周晓云.不同 LED 光质配比和光照强度对红掌新品种福星组织培养的影响J.广东农业科学，2023，50（5）：46-55.不同 LED 光质配比和光照强度对红掌新品种福星组织培养的影响顾梦云，曾伟达，宿庆连，黄明翅，冯肖梅，刘艳艳，张雪莲，周晓云（广州花卉研究中心，广东 广州 510360）摘 要：【目的】光照条件是影响红掌组培效率的关键因素之一，研究不同 LED 光质配比和光照强度对红掌福星组织培养不同阶段的影响，探讨适宜红掌组培各阶段的 LED 光质配比和光照强度，为红掌高效组培提供重要技术参考。【方法】以红掌新品种福星为试验材料，设置不同比例的红光和蓝光 LED 光质配比和光照强度，分析其对红掌福星愈伤组织诱导、增殖培养及壮苗培养的影响。【结果】LED 红光光质条件较适宜红掌福星愈伤组织诱导，光照强度为 100 lx 的 10%R 光质条件下，愈伤组织诱导率最高、达 79.58%，且愈伤组织块呈黄绿色、紧实、体积大，状态表现好，适宜红掌福星叶片愈伤组织诱导；RB=31 光质配比适于红掌福星愈伤组织增殖培养，光照强度为 600 lx 时，增殖系数最高、达 6.44；与 WL 光照条件相比，RB=41 光质配比更适宜红掌福星愈伤组织芽分化培养，愈伤组织芽分化在光照强度为 1 000 lx 时，愈伤组织块的增殖分化芽个数较少、为 19.44 个，芽矮壮，无黄叶现象，生长势好；红掌福星壮苗阶段组培苗培养，适合的光质配比是 RB=41，光照强度为 900 lx 时，红掌福星壮苗植株根条数较多、平均为 5.67 条，株高 2.88 cm、茎粗 1.44 mm、叶长 11.69 mm、叶宽8.54 mm，植株叶片大，SPAD值为39.23，叶片叶绿素含量更高，植株整体生长健壮且无黄叶现象。【结论】LED光照条件对红掌福星愈伤组织诱导、增殖培养及壮苗培养均有影响，根据红掌组织培养不同阶段的光照需求，选用合适的 LED 光质配比和光照强度条件，能有效提高红掌组培愈伤组织诱导率、增殖率和组培苗生产质量，为红掌新品种福星高效标准化生产提供技术支持。关键词：红掌；LED 光照；愈伤组织诱导；增殖培养；壮苗培养中图分类号：S682.14 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1004-874X（2023）05-0046-10Effects of Different LED Light Quality Ratio and Light Intensity on Tissue Culture of A New Anthurium andraeanum Cultivar FuxingGU Mengyun,ZENG Weida,SU Qinglian,HUANG Mingchi,FENG Xiaomei,LIU Yanyan,ZHANG Xuelian,ZHOU Xiaoyun（Guangzhou Flower Research Center,Guangzhou 510360,China）Abstract:【Objective】The light condition is one of the key factors that affect the tissue culture efficiency of Anthurium andraeanum.The effects of different LED light quality ratio and light intensity on different stages of A.andraeanum tissue culture were studied to explore these light conditions suitable for each stage of tissue culture of A.andraeanum and provide an important technical reference for efficient tissue culture of A.andraeanum.【Method】The new A.andraeanum cultivar Fuxing was used as the experimental material,and the effects of different proportions of red and blue LED light ratio and light intensity on callus induction,proliferation culture and strong seedling culture of A.andraeanum 47【研究意义】红掌（Anthurium andraeanum）又名花烛、火鹤花，天南星科（Araceae）花烛属（Anthurium）多年生常绿草本植物，为国内国际市场颇受欢迎的重要花卉品种之一1-2。目前，我国大部分地区均有栽培红掌，据不完全统计，国内红掌年产 3 000 万 3 500 万盆，种苗 8 000万 9 000 万株，其中以广东、福建和云南产量最多3。近年来，国内红掌品种创新也不断取得新突破，如双冠红掌4、小娇红掌5、粉黛6、夏焰7、明农月华3等多个自主红掌新品种相继报道；由广州花卉研究中心主持、华南农业大学参加选育的红掌新品种福星深受种植者和消费者喜爱，具有叶色浓绿、佛焰苞颜色鲜红，且夏季不褪色等优点，在国内有大量用种需求。为稳定红掌福星组培种苗生产，除调整、优化培养基配方等外，借鉴 LED 在其他作物种植的应用研究和开发经验，采用更加适合的光质比例和光照强度，提高光合效率和种苗健壮度，是组培生产首要考虑的重要因素。研究红掌福星组培愈伤诱导、增殖培养及壮苗培养等阶段适宜的 LED 光质配比和光照强度，开发成套的组培生产技术，对促进国内红掌新品种研发、花卉生产节能降耗和经济效益提高具有重要意义。【前人研究进展】光作为植物生长最重要生长因子之一，在调控植物形态构建、生长发育、物质代谢方面发挥重要作用8。LED 光源为冷光源，具有光能利用率高、光谱性能好、发热量小、寿命长等众多优点，在照明、家居等各行业广泛应用9。目前已有国内外学者研究报道 LED 光源对蝴蝶兰10、观赏石斛11、杉木12、观赏海棠13等观赏植物组织培养有良好的促进作用，并筛选出了适宜相应组织培养用 LED 光源和光质比，如红光更有利于蝴蝶兰单芽增殖、干重、鲜重以及株高的增加，迷你秋石斛在 R6B3G0 光质培养下增殖效果最好、增殖系数达到 2.35，观赏海棠在蓝光 LED 下植株生长旺盛、愈伤组织形成最好；LED 光质在红掌如阿拉巴马14、Violeta15、Pink Lady15、骄阳16-17、维多18等品种组培中的应用也取得一些进展，主要研究了 LED 光照条件对红掌愈伤组织培养18、增殖分化19、组培苗生长17其中 12个阶段的影响，但对红掌愈伤组织诱导以及组培各个阶段 LED 光质配比和光照强度的系统研究报道较少。【本研究切入点】红掌对培养条件、外源激素的种类等较为敏感20，不同红掌品种组培的适宜光照条件存在差异，本试验以自主培育的红掌新品种福星为研究对象，结合现代 LED 光源照明技术，研究 LED 不同光质配比和光照强度对红掌福星组培愈伤组织诱导、增殖培养、壮苗培养阶段生长的影响，进一步优化组培光照条件，提高种苗生产质量和效率。【拟解决的关键问题】Fuxing were analyzed.【Result】The LED red light quality was more suitable for the callus induction of A.andraeanum Fuxing,the 10%R light quality condition with light intensity of 100 lx had the highest callus induction rate of 79.58%,and the callus mass was yellow-green,compact,large in volume and good in state,which was suitable for the callus induction of A.andraeanum Fuxing leaves.The light quality ratio of R B=3 1 was suitable for callus proliferation culture of A.andraeanum Fuxing,and the proliferation coefficient was the highest(6.44)when the light intensity was 600 lx.Compared with WL light conditions,RB=41 light quality ratio was more suitable for the callus bud differentiation culture of A.andraeanum Fuxing,when the light intensity was 1 000 lx,the number of callus proliferation and differentiation was 19.44,and the buds were short and strong with good growth potential,without yellow leaf phenomenon.The light quality ratio suitable for the tissue culture seedling culture of A.andraeanum Fuxing at the strong seedling stage was RB=41,the light intensity was 900 lx,the number of roots of the strong seedlings of was more,with an average of 5.67,the plant height was 2.88 cm,the stem diameter was 1.44 mm,the leaf length was 11.69 mm,the leaf width was 8.54 mm,the plant leaf was large,the SPAD value was 39.23,the chlorophyll content of the leaf was higher,and the overall growth of the plant was robust without yellow leaf phenomenon.【Conclusion】LED light conditions have an impact on callus induction,proliferation culture,and strong seedling culture of A.andraeanum Fuxing in tissue culture.According to the lighti