304钢等离子体电解抛光工艺与其表面结构性能研究_邹永纯.pdf

第 52 卷 第 6 期 表面技术 2023 年 6 月 SURFACE TECHNOLOGY 51 收稿日期：20230213；修订日期：20230329 Received：2023-02-13；Revised：2023-03-29 基金项目：国家自然科学基金项目（52001100，52071114，U21B2053）；青年人才托举工程（2021QNRC001）；黑龙江头雁团队资助 Fund：The National Natural Science Foundation of China(52001100,52071114,U21B2053);Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST(2021QNRC001);Heilongjiang Touyan Team Program 作者简介：邹永纯（1990），男，博士，工程师，主要研究方向为表面工程。Biography：ZOU Yong-chun(1990-),Male,Doctor,Engineer,Research focus:surface engineering.通讯作者：王亚明（1978），男，博士，教授，主要研究方向为功能陶瓷涂层。Corresponding author：WANG Ya-ming(1978-),Male,Doctor,Professor,Research focus:functional ceramic coatings.引文格式：邹永纯,王树棋,陈国梁,等.304 钢等离子体电解抛光工艺与其表面结构性能研究J.表面技术,2023,52(6):51-60.ZOU Yong-chun,WANG Shu-qi,CHEN Guo-liang,et al.Process,Surface Structure and Properties of 304 Steel by Plasma Electrolytic Polishing J.Surface Technology,2023,52(6):51-60.304 钢等离子体电解抛光工艺与其 表面结构性能研究 邹永纯a,b，王树棋a，陈国梁a，张超人a，王亚明a，欧阳家虎a，贾德昌a，周玉a（哈尔滨工业大学 a.特种陶瓷研究所 b.分析测试与计算中心，哈尔滨 150001）摘要：目的目的 减小 304 钢的表面粗糙度，以满足工程应用中对高质量表面的需求。方法方法 提出采用等离子体电解抛光（Plasma Electrolytic Polishing，PEP）技术实现 304 钢表面精整改性，结合高速摄影技术，研究等离子体电解抛光放电过程。通过对比 304 钢在不同电解液中形成钝化膜的电化学特性，探究不同工艺参数对抛光效果的影响，进一步设计正交试验研究不同因素间的交互作用及最佳工艺方案，阐释抛光前后表面微观形貌与浸润性、耐腐蚀性能及硬度的关系。结果结果 通过对比分析不同电解液体系中 304 钢表面钝化膜的电化学特性表明，304 钢在(NH4)2SO4溶液中的腐蚀电位最低，钝化膜更容易被击穿，因此选用(NH4)2SO4作为电解液。正交试验和极差分析结果表明，304 钢在抛光电压 370 V、电解液温度 80、电解质质量分数 7%、抛光时间 6 min 的条件下获得最小的粗糙度（0.050 m）。各因素对 304 钢表面粗糙度的影响大小顺序为电解液温度抛光时间抛光电压电解质浓度。表面性能结果显示，抛光后 304 钢的表面光洁度显著提高，呈镜面光泽，接触角由 35.09提升至 78.52，耐腐蚀性有所提高，表面硬度略有下降。结论结论 通过等离子体电解抛光实现 304 钢表面粗糙度减小及表面质量的显著提高，该技术具有抛光效率高、工艺简单、节能环保等优点，可广泛应用于生物医疗、石油化工、机械制造等领域。关键词：304 钢；等离子体电解抛光；正交试验；表面粗糙度；耐腐蚀 中图分类号：TG178 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1001-3660(2023)06-0051-10 DOI：10.16490/ki.issn.1001-3660.2023.06.005 Process,Surface Structure and Properties of 304 Steel by Plasma Electrolytic Polishing ZOU Yong-chuna,b,WANG Shu-qia,CHEN Guo-lianga,ZHANG Chao-rena,WANG Ya-minga,OUYANG Jia-hua,JIA De-changa,ZHOU Yua(a.Institute for Advanced Ceramics,b.Center of Analysis Measurement and Computing,Harbin Institute of Technology,Harbin 150001,China)52 表 面 技 术 2023 年 6 月 ABSTRACT:304 steel is widely used in aerospace,medical parts,petrochemical,manufacturing and other fields owing to its excellent corrosion resistance,mechanical properties and simple processing technique.The work aims to propose the Plasma Electrolytic Polishing(PEP)technique to polish the surface of 304 steel,in order to meet the requirements of high-quality surface in engineering applications by reducing the surface roughness of 304 steel.The discharge process of PEP was analyzed by high-speed photography technique.The electrochemical characteristics of passivation film formed on 304 steel in different electrolytes were compared.Then,the effect of PEP parameters on surface quality was explored.Furthermore,the orthogonal experiment was designed to investigate the interaction between different factors and the optimal process of PEP was confirmed.The relationship between surface morphology and wettability,corrosion resistance and hardness before and after polishing was explained.According to the electrochemical characteristics,the passivation film on 304 steel exhibited the lowest corrosion potential in(NH4)2SO4 solution,which was easier to be broken down.Therefore,(NH4)2SO4 was selected as the electrolyte for PEP.The results of the orthogonal test and range analysis showed that the minimum roughness(0.050 m)of 304 steel was obtained under the conditions of polishing voltage of 370 V,electrolyte temperature of 80,electrolyte content of 7 wt.%and polishing time of 6 min.The order of effect of each factor on the surface roughness of 304 steel was as follows:electrolyte temperature polishing time polishing voltage electrolyte concentration.Based on the results of the discharge process,the vapor gaseous envelope(VGE)layer was generated from the bottom of 304 steel,contacting with the electrolyte.Under the pressure of the electrolyte,the VGE layer rose up and disappeared at the top and then the next VGE layer followed immediately.The surface was finished by the continuous discharge and repeated VGE layer.According to the surface performance results,the surface quality of 304 steel was significantly improved after polishing,which exhibited a mirror surface.From atomic force microscope(AFM)results in the area of 40 m 40 m,the surface crest and trough area decreased from 469.8 nm and-408.4 nm to 60.4 nm and-41.5 nm,respectively.The content of austenite(-phase)in 304 steel was obviously increased after polishing,owing to the-phase with superior anti-corrosion property than-phase.The content of the O element decreased from 3.85 at%to 0 at%,while the Cr element increased slightly.The contact angle was increased from 35.09 to 78.52,and the corrosion resistance was improved with the polarization resistance from 1.1105 cm2 to 2.9105 cm2.The surface hardness decreased slightly from 1 735.918.5 N/mm2 to 1 676.614.6 N/mm2 after PEP treatment,which was attributed to that the