林分斑块尺度下的森林群落碳汇研究_杨婷.pdf

第 40 卷第 4 期Vol.40No.4重庆工商大学学报(自然科学版)J Chongqing Technol Business Univ(Nat Sci Ed)2023 年 8 月Aug.2023林分斑块尺度下的森林群落碳汇研究杨婷1，罗红霞2，魏翔11重庆工商大学 公共管理学院，重庆 4000762西南大学 地理科学学院，重庆 400715摘要:针对森林碳循环过程模型空间模拟尺度多样化，但数据获取比较困难，森林碳变化响应与适应的研究不可能实现在不同生境下均安置碳通量观测系统的问题，提出利用遥感过程耦合模型定量估算动态 GPP 值、NPP 值、H 值及 NEP 值等，反演森林植被群落不同优势树种碳汇/碳源情况，探寻造林、森林转化和森林人工经营管理等植被恢复措施对森林碳增汇的生态价值，激活碳源效应的促进重建作用。通过以空间代替时间的实地调查采样法和遥感模型相结合，输入 GLOPEMCEVSA 模型中温度影响系数、蒸散量、水气压影响系数、二氧化碳浓度胁迫、植物呼吸及土壤呼吸等驱动因子，研究在林分斑块尺度下森林碳储量差异。研究表明:(1)从整体情况来看，林地净初级生产力草地农业用地水域建设用地，林地净生态系统生产力农业用地草地建设用地水域;(2)从年际 NPP/NEP 值来看，森林生态系统大部分表现为大气 CO2碳汇;(3)森林群落自然恢复演替中 NPP 值大小关系是:乔幼落叶阔叶林群落(A4)马尾松/杉木常绿针叶林群落(A5)柏木常绿针叶林群落(A6)常绿灌丛/灌草丛/人工灌木群落(A2)草本群落(A1);NEP 值表现为乔幼落叶阔叶林群落马尾松/杉木常绿针叶林群落常绿灌丛/灌草丛/人工灌木群落柏木常绿针叶林群落草本群落;人工辅助演替中 NPP 值大小关系是(慈竹)竹林群落马尾松/杉木常绿针叶林群落柏木常绿针叶林群落常绿灌丛/灌草丛/人工灌木群落;NEP 值表现为(慈竹)竹林群落马尾松/杉木常绿针叶林群落常绿灌丛/灌草丛/人工灌木群落柏木常绿针叶林群落，NPP 值和 NEP 值随顺行演替均呈现出先上升后下降的单峰状发展趋势。关键词:森林群落;次生演替;耦合模型;碳汇中图分类号:S718.5文献标识码:Adoi:10.16055/j.issn.1672058X.2023.0004.015收稿日期:20220305修回日期:20220518文章编号:1672058X(2023)04010607基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(41201436)作者简介:杨婷(1989)，女，重庆忠县人，硕士，从事遥感与地理信息系统应用研究引用格式:杨婷，罗红霞，魏翔林分斑块尺度下的森林群落碳汇研究 J 重庆工商大学学报(自然科学版)，2023，40(4):106112YANG Ting，LUO Hongxia，WEI XiangCarbon sinks of forest community at the forest patch scale J Journal of ChongqingTechnology and Business University(Natural Science Edition)，2023，40(4):106112Carbon Sinks of Forest Community at the Forest Patch ScaleYANG Ting1，LUO Hongxia2，WEI Xiang11School of Public Administration，Chongqing Technology and Business University，Chongqing 400076，China2School of Geographical Science，Southwest University，Chongqing 400715，ChinaAbstract:The spatial simulation scale of forest carbon cycle process models is diverse，but the data acquisition is difficultIt is impossible to install a carbon flux observation system in different environments in the study of forest carbon changeresponse and adaptation In this paper，the remote sensing process coupling model was proposed to quantitatively estimatethe dynamic GPP value，NPP value，H value，and NEP value，to invert the carbon sink/carbon source situation ofdifferent dominant tree species of forest vegetation community，to explore the ecological value of vegetation restorationmeasures such as afforestation，forest transformation，and forest artificial management，and to activate the reconstructioneffect of carbon source effect Through the combination of field survey sampling method with space instead of time and第 4 期杨婷，等:林分斑块尺度下的森林群落碳汇研究remote sensing model，the driving factors of temperature influence coefficient，evapotranspiration，water-pressure influencecoefficient，carbon dioxide concentration stress，plant respiration，and soil respiration in GLOPEM-CEVSA model wereinput to study the differences of forest carbon storages at the forest patch scale The research showed that:(1)in thepicture as a whole，Net Primary Productivity of WoodlandGrasslandAgricultural LandWater AreaConstruction Land，Net Ecosystem Productivity of WoodlandAgricultural LandGrassland Construction landWater Area;(2)from theinter-annual NPP/NEP values，most forest ecosystems showed atmospheric CO2carbon sink;(3)the relationship of NPPvalues in the natural restoration succession of forest community was:Deciduous Broad-Leaved Forest Community(A4)Pinus Massoniana/Cunninghamia Lanceolata Evergreen Coniferous Forest Community(A5)Cypress Evergreen ConiferousForest Community(A6)Evergreen Shrub/Shrub Grass/Artificial Shrub Community(A2)Herbaceous Community(A1);NEP values were as follows:Deciduous Broad-Leaved Forest CommunityPinus Massoniana/Cunninghamia LanceolataEvergreen Coniferous Forest CommunityEvergreen Shrub/Shrub Grass/Artificial Shrub CommunityCypress EvergreenConiferous Forest CommunityHerbaceous Community;the relationship of NPP values in artificial assisted succession wasas follows:Bamboo Forest Community Pinus Massoniana/Cunninghamia Lanceolata Evergreen Coniferous ForestCommunityCypress Evergreen Coniferous Forest CommunityEvergreen Shrub/Shrub Grass/Artificial Shrub Community;NEP values were as follows:Bamboo Forest CommunityPinus Massoniana/Cunninghamia Lanceolata Evergreen ConiferousForest Community Evergreen Shrub/Shrub Grass/Artificial Shrub Community Cypress Evergreen Coniferous ForestCommunity，and both the NPP values and the NEP values showed a unimodal development trend of rising first and thendecreasing with the sequential successionKeywords:forest community;secondary succession;coupling model;carbon sink1引言气候变化愈演愈烈，引起全世界广泛关注，在应对全球气候变化的大背景下，须推动以 CO2为主的温室气体减排或增加吸收汇，相较于工业温室气体减排，森林作为陆地生态系统的主体，森林碳汇更具有成本有效性。由不同林龄或不同演替序列的植被群落林分斑块组成的区域森林对调节全球碳循环、应对全球气候变化、减小 CO2为主的温室气体浓度等方面起到至关重要的作用1。当生态系统的碳排放输出和生物碳输入的平衡状态被打破时，就会出现大气的“碳汇”和“碳源”两种表现情况，碳吸收功能(碳汇)减缓气候变暖进程，碳排放(碳源)则导致加速气候变暖进程。随着森林被大规模的砍伐、不合理的耕作方式和粗放利用土地等，原有森林植被群落遭到破坏，大面积的基岩裸露于地表，从而出现生态系统退化现象，人类采取加强森林经营管理，扩大农林复合林、天然林等造林面积，以生物碳转化为生物燃料的方式转移碳库，减少森林砍伐等治理和恢复措施已达到森林碳增汇减排的目的。因此，森林生态系统碳储量的研究一直是生态学热点研究之一，相关专家学者通过森林资源清查法、碳通量方法、模型模拟与遥感估测等方法对生态系统的生物量和生产力进行了长期的探索和研究211，相较于单靠实测数据研究大规模陆地生态系统碳储量的方法来说，样地数据远远不够，而利用不断创新发展的“3S”理论、探测、方法和技术手