绿肥掩青对连作烟田土壤性质及烤烟产质量的影响_夏融.pdf

绿肥掩青对连作烟田土壤性质及烤烟产质量的影响夏 融1，童文杰2，马二登2，刘 棋3，余 磊1，黄飞燕1，刘佳妮1，邓小鹏2*(1昆明学院农生学院/云南省都市特色农业工程技术研究中心，云南昆明 650214;2云南省烟草农业科学研究院，云南昆明 650021;3三亚中国农业大学研究院，海南三亚 572000)摘要 目的 以玉溪烟区连作多年的植烟土壤为研究对象，探究不同品种绿肥掩青对植烟土壤理化性质及后茬烤烟生长、产量和品质的影响，为玉溪烟区连作烟田的土壤保育确定最佳冬种绿肥种类提供参考依据。方法 设置田间随机区组排列试验，于前茬烤烟收获后开展肥田萝卜、大麦、光叶紫花苕、黑麦草及冬闲对照 5 种田间小春种植模式，于下茬烤烟种植前 90 d 收割、掩青，探讨不同绿肥翻压对土壤理化性状及烤烟生长、产量和品质的影响。结果 与冬闲田对照相比，不同绿肥品种掩青对土壤容重的影响不明显，肥田萝卜掩青下土壤 pH 的降幅较大，禾本科绿肥大麦掩青对提高土壤有机质含量最优，豆科绿肥光叶紫花苕对水解氮和有效磷有较好的促进作用;010 cm 土层，禾本科绿肥黑麦草掩青对提高土壤有效钾效果较好，1020 cm 土层，大麦则对土壤有效钾有更好的促进作用;4 种绿肥对烤烟生长发育均有不同程度的促进作用，其促进效果为大麦黑麦草光叶紫花苕肥田萝卜，大麦掩青还田后的烤烟田间长势相对较好、根系活力最优，烟叶产量最高、化学成分更为协调，评吸质量更佳，与对照相比其产量、产值分别提高 152%、197%，钾含量提高了 22%，评吸总得分提高了 656%。结论 不同绿肥种植和掩青改善了连作烟田土壤理化性状，有效培肥土壤，优化土壤环境，对促进烤烟根系生长发育，增加植株干物质，提高烟叶产量、产值效果明显，尤其以大麦种植掩青效果更为显著。关键词绿肥;连作土壤;烤烟;生长发育;产量品质中图分类号S153文献标识码A文章编号05176611(2023)07016506doi:103969/jissn05176611202307038开放科学(资源服务)标识码(OSID):Effects of Different Green Manure Application on Soil Physical and Chemical Properties，Yield and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco inContinuous Cropping FieldXIA ong1，TONG Wen-jie2，MA Er-deng2et al(1College of Agriculture and Life Sciences，Kunming University/Yunnan Urban Agri-cultural Engineering Technological esearch Center，Kunming，Yunnan 650214;2Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences，Kun-ming，Yunnan 650021)Abstract ObjectiveTaking the continuous tobacco soil in Yuxi tobacco area for many years as study object，the influence of different vari-eties of green fertilizer turning over on the physical and chemical properties of soil and the growth，yield and quality of the flue-cured tobaccowas explored，which provided a reference for the soil conservation of the continuous tobacco field in Yuxi area Method A field randomizedblock arrangement experiment was conducted to carry out five field planting patterns，including radish，barley，Vicia villosa，ryegrass and win-ter fallow，after the previous flue-cured tobacco harvest The harvest and green cover were conducted before the next flue-cured tobacco plant-ing to explore the effects of different green manure tillage on soil physical and chemical properties and the growth，yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco esultCompared with the control of winter fallow field，the effect of different green manure varieties on soil bulk density wasnot obvious The soil pH in the fertile field decreased greatly under the cover of radish Barley，the green manure of gramineous family，wasthe best for improving the content of soil organic matter Vicia villosa，the green manure of leguminous family，had a better promotion on hydro-lyzed nitrogen and available phosphorus In 010 cm soil layer，the ryegrass had maximum available potassium increment，and in 1020 cmsoil layer，barley had better promoting effect on available potassium Four kinds of green manure could promote the growth and development offlue-cured tobacco to varying degrees，with the promotion effect order of barleyryegrass vicia villosa radish The flue-cured tobacco fieldafter barley covering green and returning to the field had relatively good growth momentum，the best root activity，the highest yield of tobaccoleaves，more coordinated chemical composition，better smoking quality The yield and output value increased by 152%and 197%，the potas-sium content increased by 22%，and the total score of sensory evaluation increased by 656%，respectively，which compared with the controltreatment ConclusionDifferent green manure planting and covering improved the soil physical and chemical properties of continuous crop-ping tobacco fields，effectively fertilized the soil，optimized the soil environment，and had obvious effects on promoting the growth and develop-ment of flue-cured tobacco roots，increasing plant dry matter，increasing tobacco leaf yield and output value，and barley was especially effec-tiveKey wordsGreen manure;Continuous cropping field soil;Flue-cured tobacco;Growth and development;Yield and quality基金项目中国烟草总公司云南省公司科技计划项目(2019530000241011，2018530000241016);云南省教育厅科学研究基金研究生项目(2022Y692)。作者简介夏融(1997)，女，云南宣威人，硕士研究生，研究方向:资源利用与植物保护。*通信作者，副研究员，从事烤烟栽培技术研究。收稿日期20221123烟草是我国重要的经济作物，玉溪作为全国最重要的优质烟区之一，自身具备得天独厚的生态条件优势，为全国卷烟工业发展提供了稳定的烟叶原料资源。要实现烟草的优质适产，必须要有一个良好的土壤生态环境1。烟草属于典型的忌连作作物，由于当前烟区种植制度的多元化发展，烤烟连作现象不可避免，连作障碍给烟叶生产带来了诸多不利影响，如烟株田间长势变差，株高、茎围、生物量、叶面积系数下降，烟叶的产量、产值降低，田间病虫害发生增加，评吸质量变劣等2。因此，开展连作障碍的消减措施研究，是烟草科研工作者当前要解决的重要课题。通常认为，轮作是消除烟田连作障碍最为有效的措施3，尤其以水旱轮作效果更为明显。由于很多烟区不具备烤烟季节轮作条件，往往通过种植不同小春季作物的方式，来调整和改变烟田土壤环境，从而一定程度上减轻连作障碍的影响。绿肥是玉溪烟区较为常见的小春季作物，不仅有机物质含量丰富，而且根系发达，可穿透深层土壤，加厚烟田耕层。绿肥腐解入田后可直接供烟株吸收利用，增加土壤有机质，提高土壤肥力46。同时，有些绿肥的根系甚至能分泌特殊安徽农业科学，JAnhui AgricSci 2023，51(7):165170有机酸，不但能平衡土壤酸碱度，还能溶解土壤中被固定住的矿质元素，种植绿肥并翻压对促进烤烟生长、增加烟叶产量、提高烟叶品质和评吸质量等方面都有较好的效果79。不同绿肥品种生态适宜性不同1011，齐耀程等12 研究表明，冬牧 70 较为适宜作为皖南烟区冬种绿肥品种，对上部烟品质提升效果较为显著;田峰等13 研究表明，在湘西烟区种植豆科绿肥箭舌豌豆并进行翻压，对烤烟农艺性状有积极影响，且具有明显的土壤培肥改良效果，较为适宜当地进行推广。目前关于绿肥对植烟土壤及烤烟生长的影响研究主要集中在河南、湘西、重庆等地，作为全国面积最大、最优质烟叶产地的云南烟区这方面研究相对不多，尤其是针对玉溪连作烟田上绿肥种植翻压的效果方面少见报道。因此，笔者选取云南烤烟优质核心烟区玉溪的连作烟田，开展不同绿肥掩青对植烟土壤理化性状和烤烟生长发育和烟叶品质的影响，筛选出适宜当地烤烟前茬种植的绿肥品种，为玉溪烟区植烟土壤质量改善、构建用养结合的环境友好型耕作模式提供科学依据。1材料与方法11试验地概况试验于 20