上消化道出血乐亭县医院洪素妹第一页，共二十五页。简介上消化道出血:Treitz韧带以上的消化道引起的出血:食管,胃,十二指肠,胰,胆,胃空肠吻合术后的空肠病变下消化道出血:Treitz韧带以下的消化道引起的出血上消化道出血引起的大量出血较下消化道更为常见大量出血:短期内失血超过1000ml或循环血量20%第二页，共二十五页。常见病因消化性溃疡(十二指肠和胃)33-51%食管和胃静脉曲张23-33%Mallory-Weiss综合征3-10%胃或十二指肠糜烂1-19%血管瘤0-7%肿瘤1-5%第三页，共二十五页。Withtheinvertedgastroscopeaspurtinghemorrhagefromafundalvariceisdiscerbnable.HemostasisisachievedwithseverallowvolumeinjectionsofHistoacryl-glue.Therightpictureshowsthetherapeuticsuccess.第四页，共二十五页。Therearebloodcoverederrosionsthroughoutthewholestomach.ThishasledtoaupperGIhemorrhagecompromisingthepatienthemodynamically.Thesolereasonwasasingleingestionof400mgofibuprofen第五页，共二十五页。Thismassivevesselwithactivebleedingwasdiagnosedina58year-oldpatient,whopresentedwithtarystools.Thefirstpictureshowsthelesionafterinjectionoffibringlue.Therightpictureshowsadditionallyappliedhemoclips.Bleedingstoppedattheendoftheprocedure,butreccurredtwicebeforethepatienthadtobetreatedsurgically.Indieu-la-foyulcersanarterialvesselofabnormalsizereachesthemucosacausingatinyulzerationbypermanentcompressionofthemucosallayer.第六页，共二十五页。EsophagealvaricesgradeII(right)undgradeIII(left).Cherryredspotsaresignsofimminenthemorrhage(right).Theycorrespondtoareasofespeciallythinandalteredvaricealwall.第七页，共二十五页。Thisduodenalulcerattheleftedgeofthefigure,showsanoozing,activebleeding.AccordingtotheForrestclassificationofgastrointestinalhemorrhageoftheupperGI-tract,thisbleedingisgradedasForrestIb.Thevisiblevesselistreatedbyprimaryapplicationofahemoclip.Atthe3weekfollow-up(fig)theClipisstillintheoriginalposition.Theulcershowsaprogressivehealing.第八页，共二十五页。Inoperablecholedochalcancer.Awallstenthadbeeninserted3monthsearlier.Thepatientwasadmittedforseverehemorrhage,whichwasendoscopicallyprovedtooriginatefromthebiliar...
