Diabetic-retinopathy糖尿病视网膜病变英文.pptx

The normal structure of the eyeball,第一页，共五十八页。,第二页，共五十八页。,Terms,角膜：corneaCorne/o-,Cornea角膜，Megacornea大角膜，Microcornea小角膜，Kerat/o-,Keratitis角膜炎，Keratomalacia角膜软化症巩膜：scleraScler/o-,Scleritis巩膜炎，Episcleritis表层巩膜炎，Episclera巩膜上层epi-，beyond something,epidermis表皮，上皮Epidermal表皮的，外皮的,第三页，共五十八页。,虹膜:iris,Irid/o-,Iridotomy虹膜切开术，iridectomy虹膜切除术，iridocyclitis虹膜睫状体炎睫状体：ciliary body脉络膜:choroid,Choroid/o-,choroidal脉络膜的，choroidoretinitis脉络膜视网膜炎视网膜：retin/oretinitis视网膜炎，retinopathy视网膜病变,diabetic retinopathy糖尿病视网膜病变 瞳孔:pupil,Pupill/o-,pupillomotor瞳孔运动的，pupillometer瞳孔计玻璃体:vitreous,Vitre/o-,vitreous玻璃体的,Vitrectomy玻璃体切除术,Vitreretinal玻璃体视网膜的,Vitreretinopathy玻璃体视网膜病变晶状体：lens视盘：optic disk黄斑:macular视神经：optic nerve中央凹:Fovea,第四页，共五十八页。,Diabetic retinopathy,Definition Causes Symptoms Risk factors Tests and diagnosis When to seek medical advice Complications Treatments and drugs Prevention,Diabetic retinopathy,第五页，共五十八页。,Definition,Diabetic retinopathy is a complication of diabetes that results from damage to the blood vessels of the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye(retina).,第六页，共五十八页。,cause,Diabetic retinopathy can happen to anyone who has type 1 diabetes or type 2 diabetes.,第七页，共五十八页。,Causes,When you have diabetes,your body doesnt use sugar(glucose)properly.,第八页，共五十八页。,Causes,If your blood sugar level is too high,your natural lens may swell which can blur your vision.,第九页，共五十八页。,Causes,Eventually,too much sugar in your blood can damage the tiny blood vessels(capillaries毛细血管)that nourish the retina.This can result in diabetic retinopathy.capillary,Capill/o-,n.&adj.毛细管(的)Capillaritis毛细管炎,第十页，共五十八页。,Symptoms,At first,diabetic retinopathy may cause no symptoms or only mild vision problems.,第十一页，共五十八页。,Symptoms,You can have diabetic retinopathy and not know it.In fact,symptoms are unusual in the early stages of diabetic retinopathy.,第十二页，共五十八页。,Symptoms,Eventually,however,diabetic retinopathy can result in blindness.In China,diabetic retinopathy is a leading cause of blindness in adults.,第十三页，共五十八页。,symptoms,In fact,up to 45 percent of adults diagnosed with diabetes in China have some degree of diabetic retinopathy,according to the National Eye Institute.,第十四页，共五十八页。,symptoms,And the longer you have diabetes,the more likely you are to develop diabetic retinopathy.,第十五页，共五十八页。,Symptoms,Diabetic retinopathy usually affects both eyes.,第十六页，共五十八页。,Symptoms,As the condition progresses,diabetic retinopathy symptoms may include:A)Spots floating in your vision B)Blurred vision C)Dark streaks or a red film that blocks your vision D)Poor night vision E)Vision loss,第十七页，共五十八页。,Diabetic retinopathy is usually classified as early or advanced.,Early diabetic retinopathy.Nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy(NPDR)is the most common type of diabetic retinopathy.It can be described as mild,moderate or severe.NPDR:(Non Prolifertive Dibetic Retinopthy)非增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变,第十八页，共五十八页。,When you have NPDR,the walls of the blood vessels in your retina weaken.,第十九页，共五十八页。,Tiny bulges凸起 protrude伸入 from the vessel walls,sometimes leaking or oozing fluid and blood into the retina.These bulges are called microaneurysms.Microaneurysms:微动脉瘤，微血管瘤,第二十页，共五十八页。,In the early stages of diabetic retinopathy,the walls of the blood vessels in your retina weaken.Tiny bulges protrude from the vessel walls,sometimes leaking or oozing fluid and blood into the retina.As diabetic retinopathy progresses,new blood vessels may grow and threaten your vision.,第二十一页，共五十八页。,As the condition progresses,the smaller vessels may close entirely and the larger retinal veins may begin to dilate扩大 and become irregular in diameter直径.Nerve fibers in the retina may begin to swell.,第二十二页，共五十八页。,Sometimes the central part of the retina(macula)begins to swell,too.This is known as macular edema.Macula:黄斑Macular edema：黄斑水肿,第二十三页，共五十八页。,第二十四页，共五十八页。,terms,Extensive：广泛的，大量的Intraretinal microvascular abnormalitis IRMA视网膜内微血管异常Intraretinal:视网膜内部的Microvascular：微血管的Cotton wool spots:棉绒斑Hemorrhage：出血Roots that means blood：Hemo-，hema-,hem-,haemo-,haema-,haem-rrhage,出血，流血Gastrointestinalrrhage 消化道出血,第二十五页，共五十八页。,第二十六页，共五十八页。,Advanced diabetic retinopathy.Proliferative diabetic retinopathy(PDR)is the most severe type of diabetic retinopathy.,第二十七页，共五十八页。,When you have PDR,abnormal blood vessels grow in the retina.,第二十八页，共五十八页。,Sometimes the new blood vessels grow or leak into the vitreous(the clear,jelly-like substance that fills the center of your eye).玻璃体:vitreous，Vitre/o-,vitreous玻璃体的,Vitrectomy玻璃体切除术,Jelly-like:胶状的,第二十九页，共五十八页。,Eventually,scar tissue stimulated by the growth of new blood vessels may cause the retina to detach脱离 from the back of your eye.,第三十页，共五十八页。,If the new blood vessels interfere with the normal flow of fluid out of the eye,pressure may build up in the eyeball.This can damage the optic nerve.(The nerve that carries images from your eye to your brain).,第三十一页，共五十八页。,第三十二页，共五十八页。,Peripheral:外围的，不重要的Peri-，外围的，周围的Perinatal 围产期的，出生前后的Periportal 门静脉周的，Periarteritis 动脉周围炎，periappendicitis 阑尾周炎,第三十