2022
医学
专题
肠促胰素
糖尿病
肠促胰素和2型糖尿病,第一页,共六十二页。,中国(zhn u)糖尿病患病发病率已达9.7%,N Engl J Med 2010;362:1090-1101,第二页,共六十二页。,中国人群肥胖(fipng)程度越高,糖尿病患病率越高,20,30,18.5,18.5-24.9,25.0-9.9,30,BMI(kg/m2),患病率(%),糖尿病合计(hj),糖尿病前期(qinq),4.5,11.2,7.6,13.1,12.8,19.9,18.5,26.7,Yang et al:N Engl J Med 2010;362:1090-1101,0,10,中国糖尿病和糖尿病前期患者的患病率与体重指数的关系,第三页,共六十二页。,降低体重(tzhng)将对2型糖尿病患者产生重要作用,*Intentional weight loss in overweight individualsWilliamson DF,et al.Diabetes Care.2000;23:1499-1504.,-20%,-30%,整体(zhngt)死亡率,肿瘤(zhngli)死亡率,糖尿病相关死亡率,-50%,空腹血糖,体重降低10%,第四页,共六十二页。,2型糖尿病患者(hunzh)细胞功能进行性下降,Lebovitz.Diabetes Reviews 1999;7:13953(data are from the UKPDS population:UKPDS 16.Diabetes 1995;44:124958),HOMA:homeostasis model assessment,第五页,共六十二页。,6.2%正常值上限(shngxin),HbA1c 中位数(%),常规(chnggu)治疗*,时间(shjin)(年),罗格列酮,随着病程延长血糖控制逐渐恶化,UKPDS 34.Lancet 1998:352:85465;Kahn et al(ADOPT).NEJM 2006;355(23):242743,*最初采用饮食控制,如果空腹血糖15 mmol/L则加用磺脲类,胰岛素和/或二甲双胍 美国糖尿病学会临床实践指南.UKPDS,n=1704,第六页,共六十二页。,随治疗强化低血糖风险逐渐(zhjin)增加,Patients reporting 1 hypoglycaemic event/year(%),0.8%,1.7%,7.9%,21.2%,32.6%,p0.0001,Wright et al.J Diabetes Complicat 2006;20:395401,MET,metformin;SU,sulphonylurea,基础(jch)胰岛素,基础(jch)+餐前胰岛素,饮食控制,二甲双胍,磺脲类,低血糖事件发生1次/年的患者(%),第七页,共六十二页。,2型糖尿病的现状与挑战(tio zhn)小结,随着生活方式(fngsh)的改变,中国糖尿病发病率不断增加,总发病率已达9.7%目前的治疗策略主要针对胰岛素抵抗、胰岛素分泌、抑制葡萄糖吸收多数药物(胰岛素、磺脲类、格列酮类)治疗后导致体重进一步增加(UKPDS,ACCORD研究),治疗过程中低血糖的发生限制药物的应用和达标,第八页,共六十二页。,八重奏(chng zu),neurotransmitter dysfunction,第九页,共六十二页。,Nauck MA,et al.J Clin Endocrinol Metab.1986;63:492498.,口服(kuf)糖耐量试验与静脉糖耐量试验,血糖(xutng)(mg/dL),时间(shjin)(分钟),C-肽(nmol/L),时间(分钟),希望的曙光“肠促胰素效应”的发现,N=6,50 g 葡萄糖,80年代通过检测C肽来反映胰岛素应答,确证了肠促胰素效应的存在,第十页,共六十二页。,2型糖尿病中肠促胰素作用(zuyng)减弱,第十一页,共六十二页。,Strictly Confidential.Proprietary information of Novartis.For internal use ONLY.March 2010.GAL10.497.Novartis.,12,肠促胰素,Y,A,E,G,T,F,I,S,D,Y,S,I,A,M,D,K,I,H,Q,Q,D,F,V,N,W,L,L,A,Q,K,G,K,K,N,D,W,K,H,N,Q,T,I,GIP:葡萄糖依赖性促胰岛素分泌(fnm)多肽,H,A,E,G,T,F,T,S,D,V,S,S,Y,L,E,G,Q,A,A,K,E,F,I,A,W,L,V,K,G,R,G,GLP-1:胰高糖素样肽-1,Amino acids shown in orange are homologous with the structure of glucagon.,第十二页,共六十二页。,GLP-1 在人体(rnt)中的作用,促进(cjn)饱感降低食欲,细胞:增强(zngqing)葡萄糖依赖的胰岛素分泌,肝脏:胰高糖素水平下降减少肝糖输出,细胞:减少餐后胰高糖素分泌,胃:帮助调节胃排空,Adapted from Flint A,et al.J Clin Invest.1998;101:515-520;Adapted from Larsson H,et al.Acta Physiol Scand.1997;160:413-422;Adapted from Nauck MA,et al.Diabetologia.1996;39:1546-1553;Adapted from Drucker DJ.Diabetes.1998;47:159-169.,进食促进GLP-1分泌,降低细胞负荷,增加细胞反应,第十三页,共六十二页。,体内(t ni)GLP-1 被 DPP-4 降解及灭活,第十四页,共六十二页。,GLP-1作用(zuyng)小结,肠促胰素增强葡萄糖依赖的胰岛素分泌抑制胰高糖素分泌,减少肝糖输出延缓胃排空促进饱感,降低食欲2型糖尿病患者肠促胰素效应降低,其中(qzhng)GLP-1水平降低但作用正常内源性GLP-1在体内被DPP-4酶降解,第十五页,共六十二页。,糖尿病治疗(zhlio)策略,依赖(yli)葡萄糖,GLP-1(艾塞那肽),-葡糖苷酶抑制剂(阿卡波糖、米格列醇、伏格列波糖),DPP-4抑制剂(西格列汀),不依赖(yli)葡萄糖,外源性胰岛素,格列奈类,磺脲类,罗格列酮,二甲双胍,吡格列酮,抑制葡萄糖吸收,胰岛素抵抗,胰岛素分泌,第十六页,共六十二页。,治疗(zhlio)方案,目前治疗方案对体重(tzhng)的影响,体重(tzhng),HbA1c 7%,1.Malone M.Ann Pharmacother.2005;39:2046-2055.2.Glucotrol PI.New York,NY:Pfizer Inc;2010.3.Actos PI.Deerfield,IL:Takeda Pharmaceuticals America Inc;2009.4.Avandia PI.Research Triangle Park,NC:GlaxoSmithKline;2007.5.Nathan DM,et al.Diabetes Care.2008;31:173-175.6.Holman RR.N Engl J Med.2007;357:1716-1730.7.Glucophage PI.Princeton,NJ:Bristol-Myers Squibb Company;2009.8.Januvia PI.Whitehorse Station,NJ:Merck and Company Inc;2010.9.Drucker DJ.J Clin Invest.2007;117:24-32.10.Golay A.Int J Obes(Lond).2008;32:61-72.,P,P,P,P,P,P,*Approximately half of the studies in drug-nave T2D patients have shown significant weight loss with MET compared with baseline or comparator drugs;however,pooled analyses have suggested no significant effect vs placebo10See accompanying Prescribing Information and safety information included in this presentation,*,GLP-1 9,胰岛素5,6,DPP-4 8,噻唑烷二酮3,4,磺脲1,2,二甲双胍7,第十七页,共六十二页。,艾塞那肽(Exendin-4)人工合成的希拉巨蜥唾液中的一种蛋白质与人GLP-1约有53的同源性体外试验中与人 细胞表面GLP-1受体结合,对GLP-1受体的激活作用至少和GLP-1相近能抵抗(dkng)DPP-4降解灭活作用,艾塞那肽:一种(y zhn)GLP1受体激动剂,Adapted from Nielsen LL,et al.Regulatory Peptides.2004;117:77-88.Reprinted from Regulatory Peptides,117,Nielsen LL,et al,Pharmacology of exenatide(synthetic exendin-4):a potential therapeutic for improved glycaemic control of type 2 diabetes,77-88,2004,with permission from Elsevier for English use only.,DPP-4灭活位点,H G E G T F T S D L S K Q M E E E A V R L F I E W L K N G G P S S G A P P P S NH2,H A E G T F T S D V S S Y L E G Q A A K E F I A W L V K G R NH2,艾塞那肽,人GLP-1,第十八页,共六十二页。,艾塞那肽不被DPP-4降解(jin ji),第十九页,共六十二页。,GLP-1 葡萄糖依赖性的促进(cjn)胰岛素分泌,N=10;Mean SEM;*p.05.Nauck MA,et al.Diabetologia.1993;36:741-744.,第二十页,共六十二页。,2型糖尿病患者Beta细胞功能进行性降低艾塞那肽可以(ky)促进Beta细胞增殖与新生,生理盐水(shnglynshu),Exendin-4,艾塞那肽每日一次治疗(zhlio)2周后增加糖尿病小鼠胰岛体积,第二十一页,共六十二页。,Mean(SE);N=25.Fehse F,et al.J Clin Endocrinol Metab.2005;90:5991-5997.Copyright 2005,The Endocrine Society.,2型糖尿病患者(hunzh)中短时间输注艾塞那肽可恢复1相胰岛素分泌,艾塞那肽 vs 安慰剂,p=.0002,p=.0002,时间(shjin)(min),胰岛素分泌(fnm)(pmolkg-1min-1),艾塞那肽使胰岛素和C肽的AUC0-10 min和AUC10-120 min增加约180%310%,第二十二页,共六十二页。,艾塞那肽作用机制(jzh)总结,调节(tioji)摄食中枢*,延缓(ynhun)胃排空,抑制胰高糖素分泌减少肝糖输出,血糖依赖性的控制胰岛素分泌恢复第一时相胰岛素,When BYETTA is used with an SFU,there is an increased risk of hypoglycaemia1.Kolterma