2022
医学
专题
上肢
静脉
血栓
研究进展
上肢(shngzh)深静脉血栓upper extremity deep venous thrombosis UEDVT,第一页,共二十九页。,定义(dngy),腋静脉、锁骨下静脉、桡静脉、尺静脉、肱静脉、颈内静脉、头臂干静脉最常见:腋静脉、锁骨下静脉原发性:约占20%继发性:指存在(cnzi)危险因素的深静脉血栓形成,约占80%Cuc Mai,M.D.H.M.,Upper extremity Deep Venous Thrombosis A Review.The American Journal of Medicine,2011.,第二页,共二十九页。,第三页,共二十九页。,流行病学(li xn bn xu),Kroger K,Schelo C,Gocke C,et al.Colour Doppler sonographic diagnosis of upper limb venous thrombosesJ.Clin Sci(Lond),1998,94(6):657-661.Syed Mustafa,M.,et al.,upper extremity deep vein thrombosis.CHEST,2003,第四页,共二十九页。,DVT中所占比例(bl),Spencer F A E C L D.Upper Extremity Deep Vein Thrombosis A Community-BasedJ.Am J Med,2007,8(120):678-684.Hylton V.Joffe N K V F.Upper-Extremity Deep Vein Thrombosis A Prospective Registry of 592 PatientsJ.Circulation,2004,12(110):1605-1611.,第五页,共二十九页。,危险(wixin)因素,原发性上肢深静脉(jngmi)血栓:遗传性血栓形成倾向:蛋白C、蛋白s或抗凝血酶、凝血因子缺乏,凝血因子VLeiden突变和凝血酶原G20210A突变解剖结构异常:Paget-Schroetter综合征 Grant,J.D.,et al.,Diagnosis and management of upper extremity deep-vein thrombosis in adults.Thromb Haemost,2012.,第六页,共二十九页。,继发性上肢深静脉血栓 CVC置入:45%与CVC有关 肿瘤:38%与恶性肿瘤有关其他:起搏器、30天内手术史或制动史、个人或者家族深静脉血栓栓塞史、正在(zhngzi)接受化疗、伴随疾病(高血压、糖尿病、神经系统疾病、30内肺部感染),Munoz F J,Mismetti P,Poggio R,et al.Clinical outcome of patients with upper-extremity deep vein thrombosis:results from the RIETE RegistryJ.Chest,2008,133(1):143-148,第七页,共二十九页。,RIETE研究(ynji)多国家、多中心,Munoz F J,Mismetti P,Poggio R,et al.Clinical outcome of patients with upper-extremity deep vein thrombosis:results from the RIETE RegistryJ.Chest,2008,133(1):143-148,第八页,共二十九页。,2004年美国(mi u)多中心研究,Hylton V.Joffe N K V F.Upper-Extremity Deep Vein Thrombosis A Prospective Registry of 592 PatientsJ.Circulation,2004,12(110):1605-1611,第九页,共二十九页。,临床(ln chun)症状和体征,上肢肿胀:80%患侧肢体疼痛:3050%较少出现(chxin)的:患侧肢体红斑、浅表静脉曲张、肢体功能障碍、胸痛、呼吸困难、颈部肿胀无症状:约5%,第十页,共二十九页。,诊断(zhndun),D-二聚体超声对比(dub)静脉造影:金标准 MRI、MRVCTV van M.DI NISIO,G.L.S.,Accuracy of diagnostic tests for clinically suspected upper extremity deep vein thrombosis.Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis,第十一页,共二十九页。,D-二聚体,Merminodet al,2006,Switzerland:500ug/L 多普勒超声确诊52例怀疑UEDVT中:1.D-dimer阳性:15/52 29%2.并发肿瘤中:8/23 34.8%3.CVC:6/18 33%4.无肿瘤、CVC:4/22 18%诊断的敏感性为100%,特异性为14%,阳性预测(yc)价值为32%,阴性排除价值为100%,,第十二页,共二十九页。,超声,PICC,第十三页,共二十九页。,低回声(hushng)不可压缩性,第十四页,共二十九页。,超声,Di Nisio M,Van Sluis G L,Bossuyt P M,et al.Accuracy of diagnostic tests for clinically suspected upper extremity deep vein thrombosis:a systematic reviewJ.J Thromb Haemost,2010,8(4):684-692,第十五页,共二十九页。,UEDVT诊断(zhndun),第十六页,共二十九页。,第十七页,共二十九页。,急性期:确诊血栓后的前三个月 可以降低血栓后综合征、血栓复发的发生率。预防期:急性期治疗后的阶段 目的是控制血栓形成的危险(wixin)因素,治疗(参考下肢(xizh)深静脉血栓形成),第十八页,共二十九页。,治疗(参考下肢深静脉(jngmi)血栓形成),拔除深静脉置管抗凝溶栓上腔静脉滤器(lq)手术取栓术 Grant,J.D.,et al.,Diagnosis and management of upper extremity deep-vein thrombosis in adults.Thromb Haemost,2012,第十九页,共二十九页。,抗凝,ACCP建议(jiny):同下肢深静脉血栓,Kearon C,Kahn S R,Agnelli G,et al.Antithrombotic therapy for venous thromboembolic disease:American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines(8th Edition)J.Chest,2008,133(6 Suppl):454S-545S,第二十页,共二十九页。,溶栓,ACCP建议(jiny):仅用于:症状严重、血栓占据大部分锁骨下静脉和腋静脉、血栓形成14天内、肢体功能良好、预期寿命长于一年、低出血风险者,Kearon C,Kahn S R,Agnelli G,et al.Antithrombotic therapy for venous thromboembolic disease:American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines(8th Edition)J.Chest,2008,133(6 Suppl):454S-545S,第二十一页,共二十九页。,上腔静脉(jngmi)滤器,Owens C A,Bui J T,Knuttinen M G,et al.Pulmonary embolism from upper extremity deep vein thrombosis and the role of superior vena cava filters:a review of the literatureJ.J Vasc Interv Radiol,2010,21(6):779-787,上腔静脉(jngmi)短,放置困难致死性并发症发生率为3.8%,第二十二页,共二十九页。,手术(shush)取栓术,Kearon C,Kahn S R,Agnelli G,et al.Antithrombotic therapy for venous thromboembolic disease:American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines(8th Edition)J.Chest,2008,133(6 Suppl):454S-545S,大块(d kui)血栓形成影响肢体功能绝对抗凝、溶栓禁忌症,第二十三页,共二十九页。,治疗(zhlio)策略比较,第二十四页,共二十九页。,并发症,肺栓塞:发生率约为5%;抗凝深静脉血栓(xushun)复发:高复发、早复发血栓后综合征(Post-thrombotic Syndrome,PTS)发生率为2040%,第二十五页,共二十九页。,PE,第二十六页,共二十九页。,预防(yfng),合理的选择(xunz)CVC置入小剂量低分子肝素、小剂量华法林、维生素K拮抗剂(继发性),第二十七页,共二十九页。,Thank You!,第二十八页,共二十九页。,内容(nirng)总结,上肢(shngzh)深静脉血栓upper extremity deep venous thrombosis UEDVT。CVC置入:45%与CVC有关。RIETE研究多国家、多中心。Merminodet al,2006,Switzerland:。可以降低血栓后综合征、血栓复发的发生率。深静脉血栓复发:高复发、早复发。血栓后综合征(Post-thrombotic Syndrome,PTS)发生率为2040%,第二十九页,共二十九页。,