doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-1903.2023.02.001Vol.18No.02June,2023第18卷第2期2023年6月http://csdz.cbpt.cnki.net/北京地区崩塌隐患特征分析与防治方案李岩,张国华,王晟宇(北京市地质灾害防治研究所,北京100102)摘要:崩塌是北京山区道路沿线最为发育的突发性地质灾害类型。截至2022年6月,查明道路斜坡发育崩塌隐患共计5131处,占全市灾害隐患总数的62.68%。主要分布在密云、门头沟、房山等地区。同时,隐患点沿山区道路最为发育,220条县级及以上道路和12000余千米乡级、村级道路崩塌隐患发育数量大致相等。按照崩塌危岩体发育特征,岩质斜坡占90.31%;斜坡结构类型中,特殊结构斜坡占41.8%,其次为切向斜坡;斜坡坡度大于60°的陡崖微地貌达73.79%;坡高50m以下斜坡占89.88%;按照规模,小型崩塌(<500m3)隐患占比78.97%;按照成灾模式,坠落式占比达54.62%。从灾害演化角度分析,断裂构造控制危岩体的发育特征,为孕灾因素;修路切坡和工程治理影响了危岩体力学平衡,为扰动因素;大气降水是促成危岩体失稳的关键因素。道路斜坡治理以挡墙和主动防护网为主,分别占49.39%和41.97%。针对道路崩塌防治,需要重点关注高位垂直节理斜坡、易崩易滑地质结构斜坡、山前降雨中心斜坡等3类崩塌源斜坡区域;同时采取多措施综合治理、严格遵守施工次序、汛期加强巡查频次等防范措施。关键词:崩塌;发育特征;控灾因素;道路;防治方案CharacteristicsandpreventionandcontrolofpotentialcollapsesinBeijingLIYan,ZHAGNGuohua,WAGNShengyu(BeijingInstituteofGeologicalHazardPrevention,Beijing100102,China)Abstract:CollapseisthemostdevelopedtypeofsuddengeologicaldisastersalongmountainroadsinBeijing.ByJune2022,ato-talof5131rockfallinghiddenpointshadbeenidentifiedmainlyinMiyun,MentougouandFangshan,whichaccountfor62.68%ofthetotalpotentialhazardsinBeijing.Thesehiddenpointsmostlyalongthemountainroadsareroughlyoftheequalnumbersfor220roadsatcountyandabovelevelsandforover12000kmroadsattownandvillagelevels.Accordingtothedevelopmentchar-acteristicsofunstablerockmass,rockyslopesaccountfor90.31%.Amongtheslopestructuretypes,slopeswithspecialstructureaccountfor41.8%,followedbytangentialslopes.73.79%ofthesteepcliffsarewithaslopegradientgreaterthan60°;89.88%oftheslopeisbelow50minheight.Byscale,s...