磷石膏和碱蓬对盐渍化土壤水盐及细菌群落结构的影响_刘月.pdf

Eco-EnvironmentalKnowledge Web环 境 科 学Environmental Science第44卷第4期 2023年4月Vol44，No4 Apr，2023磷石膏和碱蓬对盐渍化土壤水盐及细菌群落结构的影响刘月1，杨树青1*，张万锋2，娄帅1(1 内蒙古农业大学水利与土木建筑工程学院，呼和浩特010018;2 内蒙古师范大学旅游学院，呼和浩特010022)摘要:盐渍土改良是农田土壤环境不可忽视的重要问题，土壤盐分的改变势必会影响土壤细菌群落 试验基于河套灌区中度盐渍土，以当地无改良措施枸杞园为对照(CK)，设施加磷石膏(LSG)、枸杞间种碱蓬(JP)及施加磷石膏和枸杞间种碱蓬(LSG+JP)的改良处理，探究枸杞生育期内不同改良方式对土壤水分、盐分、养分和细菌群落结构多样性的影响 结果表明，相较 CK，在开花期至落叶期 LSG+JP 显著降低了土壤 EC 值和 pH 值(P 0.05)，平均降低 39.96%和 7.25%;全生育期内LSG+JP 显著提高了土壤有机质(OM)和速效磷(AP)含量(P 0.05)，年平均提高 81.85%和 203.50%;开花期和落叶期LSG+JP 显著提高了全氮(TN)含量(P 0.05)，年平均提高 48.91%改良初期 LSG+JP 的 Shannon 指数较 CK 提高了3.31%和 6.54%，Chao1 指数较 CK 提高了 24.95%和 43.26%;土壤优势菌门为变形菌门、拟杆菌门、放线菌门和酸杆菌门，优势菌属为鞘脂单胞菌属 开花期至落叶期改良处理的变形菌门相对丰度较 CK 增加了 0.50%16.27%，改良处理的放线菌门相对丰度在开花期和盛果期较 CK 增加了 1.91%4.98%冗余分析(DA)结果表明 pH 值、含水率(WT)和 AP 是影响细菌群落组成的重要因素，相关性热图显示变形菌门和拟杆菌门与 EC 值呈极显著负相关(P 0.001)，放线菌门和硝化螺菌与 EC 值呈显著负相关(P 0.01)综上，施用磷石膏和枸杞间种碱蓬(LSG+JP)能显著降低土壤盐分、提高养分和改善土壤细菌群落结构多样性，有利于河套灌区盐渍土长效改良和维护土壤生态健康关键词:磷石膏;碱蓬;细菌群落结构多样性;盐碱地改良;高通量测序中图分类号:X172文献标识码:A文章编号:0250-3301(2023)04-2325-13DOI:1013227/j hjkx202204217收稿日期:2022-04-19;修订日期:2022-06-22基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(52179037，52069023)作者简介:刘月(1995 )，女，博士研究生，主要研究方向为盐碱地改良，E-mail:liuyue9565163 com*通信作者，E-mail:nmndysq126 comEffects of Phosphogypsum and Suaeda salsa on the Soil Moisture，Salt，and BacterialCommunity Structure of Salinized SoilLIU Yue1，YANG Shu-qing1*，ZHANG Wan-feng2，LOU Shuai1(1 College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering，Inner Mongolia Agricultural University，Hohhot 010018，China;2 Tourism College of Inner Mongolia NormalUniversity，Hohhot 010022，China)Abstract:The improvement of saline soil is an important issue that cannot be ignored in the farmland soil environment The change in soil salinity will inevitably affect the soilbacterial community This experiment was based on moderately saline soil in the Hetao Irrigation Area，conducted by applying phosphogypsum(LSG)，interplanting Suaedasalsa with Lycium barbarum(JP)and applying phosphogypsum and interplanting S salsa with L barbarum(LSG+JP)，and the local unimproved soil of a L barbarumorchard was used as the control(CK)，to explore the effects of different improvement methods on soil moisture，salinity，nutrients，and bacterial community structure diversityduring the growth period of L barbarum The results showed that compared with that under CK，the LSG+JP treatment significantly decreased the soil EC value and pH valuefrom the flowering stage to the deciduous stage(P 0.05)，with an average decrease of 39.96%and 7.25%，respectively;the LSG+JP treatment significantly increased soilorganic matter(OM)and available phosphorus(AP)content during the whole growth period(P 0.05)，with an average annual increase of 81.85%and 203.50%，respectively The total nitrogen(TN)content was significantly increased in the flowering and deciduous stages(P 0.05)，with an annual average increase of 48.91%TheShannon index of LSG+JP in the early stage of improvement was increased by 3.31%and 6.54%compared with that of CK，and the Chao1 index was increased by 24.95%and 43.26%compared with that of CK，respectively The dominant bacteria in the soil were Proteobacteria，Bacteroidetes，Actinobacteria，and Acidobacteria，and thedominant genus was Sphingomonas Compared with that in CK，the relative abundance of Proteobacteria in the improved treatment increased by 0.50%-16.27%from theflowering stage to the deciduous stage，and the relative abundance of Actinobacteria in the improved treatment increased by 1.91%-4.98%compared with that in CK in theflowering and full-fruit stages edundancy analysis(DA)results showed that pH，water content(WT)，and AP were important factors affecting bacterial communitycomposition，and the correlation heatmap showed that Proteobacteria，Bacteroidetes，and EC values were significantly negatively correlated(P 0.001);Actinobacteria andNitrospirillum were significantly negatively correlated with EC values(P 0.01)In conclusion，the application of phosphogypsum and interplanting S salsa with Lbarbarum(LSG+JP)could significantly reduce soil salinity，increase nutrients，and improve the diversity of soil bacterial community structure，which is beneficial to thelong-term improvement of saline soil in the Hetao Irrigation Area and the maintenance of soil ecological healthKey words:phosphogypsum;Suaeda salsa;diversity of bacterial community structure;saline-alkali soil improvement;high-throughput sequencing内蒙古河套灌区是黄河中上游典型的盐渍化特大型灌区，土壤盐渍化一直是困扰灌区农业生产发展的主要问题1，严重制约着灌区现代农业的可持续发展 在盐渍土改良中，土壤微生物在生态系统中的作用日益受到关注2 土壤盐碱化程度显著影响土壤微生物多样性，由于气候条件、土质等差异在不同盐渍化地区呈现细菌群落多样性随土壤盐碱化程度的增加而降低3 或随土壤盐碱度增加而增加4 的规律 盐渍土的优势菌群亦可在一定程度上指示土壤盐渍化程度，一定范围内 pH 值与酸杆菌环境科学44 卷门总丰度呈负相关5，鞘脂单胞菌属丰度随土壤盐碱度增加而降低6 因此，在盐渍土改良过程中，揭示土壤微生物群落与土壤盐分之间互馈机制成为当前的研究热点枸杞是河套灌区重要的经济作物，在枸杞园中配套改良措施可促进枸杞的生长和改善土壤环境施加磷石膏为河套灌区有效的改土措施7，磷石膏为工业废弃物，它的循环再利用减少了环境污染8，Liu 等9 基于高通量测序得出磷石膏在堆肥过程中增加了细菌的丰富度和多样性 此外，利用耐盐植物构建盐碱地生物改良模式是发展盐碱地的新理念和新思路10，11，耐盐植物碱蓬由于其叶片肉质化结构可吸收土壤盐离子12，在降低盐分的同时增加土壤微生物丰度，改善群落结构13 磷石膏和碱蓬作用于盐渍土分别属于化学改良和生物改良，文利军等14 研究表明石膏与碱蓬的综合改良在新疆具有较好的应用前景，可促进作物增产、具有较高的水分利用效率，Ben 等15 通过宏基因组分析的方法提出磷石膏和碱蓬等植物内生菌微生物组