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穴位
刺激
预处理
蛛网
阻滞
肛肠
手术
潴留
影响
蔡晓莉
临床研究经皮穴位电刺激预处理对蛛网膜下腔阻滞肛肠手术后尿潴留的影响蔡晓莉夏瑞刘旭江DOI:1012089/jca202302006作者单位:434000湖北省荆州市,长江大学附属第一医院麻醉科蔡晓莉(现在宜昌市中医医院麻醉科)、夏瑞;宜昌市中医医院麻醉科(刘旭江)通信作者:夏瑞,Email:879560350 qqcom【摘要】目的评价经皮穴位电刺激(TEAS)预处理对蛛网膜下腔阻滞(腰麻)肛肠手术后尿潴留的影响。方法选择择期在腰麻下行肛肠手术的患者 195 例,男 122 例,女 73 例,年龄 1864岁,BMI 1828 kg/m2,ASA 或级。采用随机数字表法将患者随机分为三组:腰麻前 TEAS 预处理组(A 组)、手术结束时 TEAS 组(B 组)和对照组(C 组),每组 65 例。A 组于腰麻前经皮电刺激中极穴(N3)、气海穴(N6)、关元穴(N4)、关元俞穴(BL26)和八髎穴(BL3134),疏密波频率 2/100 Hz,电流强度 610 mA,刺激时间 30 min;B 组于手术结束后立刻选取与 A 组相同的穴位、频率、刺激强度及刺激时间;C 组不予电刺激。记录首次排尿时间、首次排尿量、首次排尿等待时间以及术后当晚小腹胀满感评分以及术后尿潴留和术后因尿潴留导尿情况。结果与 A 组比较,B 组首次排尿量明显减少(P0.05);C 组首次排尿时间、首次排尿等待时间明显延长,首次排尿量明显减少,术后当晚小腹胀满感评分明显升高(P0.05)。与 B 组比较,C 组首次排尿时间明显延长(P0.05)。与 A 组比较,B 组和 C 组术后尿潴留发生率明显升高(P0.05),C 组因尿潴留导尿率明显升高(P0.05)。结论腰麻前给予经皮穴位电刺激预处理可明显降低肛肠手术后尿潴留的发生率,能更好地保护膀胱功能,促进排尿功能的恢复。【关键词】经皮穴位电刺激;预处理;术后尿潴留;蛛网膜下腔阻滞;肛肠手术Effects of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation preconditioning on postoperative urinary re-tention in patients receiving anorectal surgery in spinal anesthesiaCAI Xiaoli,XIA ui,LIUXujiang Department of Anesthesiology,the First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University,Jingzhou434000,ChinaCorresponding author:XIA ui,Email:879560350 qqcom【Abstract】ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of precondition with transcutaneous electrical acupointstimulation(TEAS)on postoperative urinary retention in patients receiving anorectal surgery in spinal anes-thesia MethodsA total of 195 patients undergoing elective anorectal surgery in spinal anesthesia,122males and 73 females,aged 1864 years,BMI 1828 kg/m2,ASA physical status or,were random-ly divided into three groups:precondition group with TEAS before spinal anesthesia(group A),TEASgroup at the end of surgery(group B)and control group(group C),65 patients in each group Group A re-ceived TEAS at Zhongji(N3),Qihai(N6),Guanyuan(N4),Guanyuanshu(BL26)and Baliao(BL3134)points before spinal anesthesia,in a frequency of 2/100 Hz,in the from of dilatational wave,current intensity of 610 mA,and lasting 30 minutes of stimulation The same points,frequency,stimula-tion intensity,and stimulation time as group A were selected immediately at the end of the surgery in groupB Group C received no electrical stimulation The time of first urination,the volume of first urination,thewaiting time for the first urination,and the score of fullness of lower abdomen on the night after surgery wererecorded Postoperative urinary retention and catheterization due to postoperative urinary retention were re-corded esultsCompared with group A,the first urination volume in group B was significantly reduced(P 0.05),the first urination time and waiting time for the first urination were significantly prolonged,thefirst urination volume was significantly reduced,and the score of fullness of lower abdomen on the night aftersurgery was significantly increased in group C(P 0.05)Compared with group B,the first urination timewas significantly longer in group C(P 0.05)Compared with group A,the incidence of postoperative uri-nary retention was significantly increased in groups B and C(P 0.05),and the catheterization rate due topostoperative urinary retention was significantly increased in group C(P 0.05)ConclusionPrecondi-041临床麻醉学杂志 2023 年 2 月第 39 卷第 2 期J Clin Anesthesiol,February 2023,Vol39,No2tion with transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation before spinal anesthesia can significantly reduce theincidence of urinary retention after anorectal surgery,which is beneficial for the protection of bladder func-tion and the recovery of urination function【Key words】Transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation;Preconditioning;Postoperative urinaryretention;Spinal anesthesia;Anorectal surgery术后尿潴留是指患者术后 8 h 内有尿意而不能排出或膀胱排空困难,残余尿量100 ml,并伴有小腹胀满不适感,是肛肠手术后常见的并发症之一1。尤其是蛛网膜下腔阻滞(腰麻)后,由于麻醉药物对盆骶神经、会阴部和排尿低级中枢的抑制作用,阻碍了排尿反射从而引起尿潴留2。针灸可以预防和治疗术后尿潴留3,但针灸因有创、疼痛、操作体位等因素,限制其在肛肠手术后尿潴留防治上的广泛应用。经皮穴位电刺激(transcutaneous elec-trical acupoint stimulation,TEAS)是将经皮神经电刺激与中医的针灸穴位治疗技术相结合的一种非侵入性穴位刺激技术,可能具有减轻术后尿潴留的作用4。本研究观察 TEAS 预处理对腰麻肛肠手术后尿潴留的影响,为临床提供参考。资料与方法一般资料本研究经医院伦理委员会批准(YCZYLL008-1),患者签署知情同意书。选择 2021年 9 月至 2022 年 2 月择期在腰麻下行肛肠手术的患者,性别不限,年龄 1864 岁,BMI 1828 kg/m2,ASA 或级,手术类型包括吻合器痔上黏膜环切吻合术、混合痔外剥内扎术、肛瘘手术、肛周脓肿根治术、经肛门直肠前突修补术。排除标准:合并泌尿系疾病(前列腺肥大、泌尿系结石、神经源性膀胱、尿道损伤或狭窄),合并心脑血管、肝、肾、内分泌和造血系统严重疾病,患精神系统疾病或智力低下无法配合,有电极片、局麻药物过敏史,有腰麻禁忌,拒绝参加本次试验。剔除标准:围术期出现手术或麻醉严重并发症或意外,术中有膀胱、尿道损伤或术后出现感染、发热,术中和术后使用镇静药物、抗胆碱能药物或阿片类镇痛药物,麻醉平面超过 T10水平或麻醉平面不能满足手术需要而更改麻醉方式或辅助镇静、镇痛药物,手术时间超过 2 h 及手术当天液体总量超过 1 800 ml。分组与处理采用随机数字表法将患者随机分为三组:腰麻前 TEAS 预处理组(A 组)、手术结束时 TEAS 组(B 组)和对照组(C 组)。A 组在腰麻前用酒精棉对穴位处擦拭消毒,选取中极穴、气海穴、关元穴、关元俞穴及八髎穴贴电极片行 TEAS,连接低频电子脉冲治疗仪,疏密波频率 2/100 Hz,电流强度 610 mA,以患者能够耐受的最大强度为准,刺激时间为 30 min。B 组于手术结束后立刻选择与A 组相同的穴位、刺激频率、刺激强度和刺激时间进行 TEAS。C 组不给予 TEAS。术后由不知试验分组的研究人员进行评估和随访。麻醉方法术前禁食 8 h,禁饮 2 h。入手术室前排空膀胱,入室后常规监测 ECG、BP、H 和SpO2,开放上肢外周静脉通路,输注复方乳酸钠和生理盐水,输液速度 5060 滴/分,经鼻氧管给氧,氧流量 3 L/min。侧卧位下选择 L34穿刺,穿刺成功后,确 认 脑 脊 液 流 出 通 畅,朝 向 患 者 头 侧 以 1ml/10 s的速度匀速推注等比重局麻药 2.6 ml(溶液配比为 1%罗哌卡因 1.5 ml+脑脊液 1.5 ml)。给药后立即改为仰卧位,用酒精棉签测试感觉阻滞平面,将平面控制在 T10以下。麻醉平面固定后取侧卧位开始手术。手术均由经验丰富的高年资肛肠专科医师操作完成。手术结束前,手术医师给