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静脉
导管
缺失
产前
超声
诊断
妊娠
结局
分析
赵凡桂
复旦学报(医学版)Fudan Univ J Med Sci2023 Mar.,50(2)静脉导管缺失的产前超声诊断及妊娠结局分析赵凡桂 符忠蓬 严英榴 孔凡斌 黄晓微 任芸芸(复旦大学附属妇产科医院超声科 上海 200011)【摘要】目的研究静脉导管缺失(absent ductus venosus,ADV)胎儿的产前超声图像特征及其与妊娠结局的关系。方法回顾性分析 2017年 1月2020年 2月期间在复旦大学附属妇产科医院超声科行高危超声检查诊断为静脉导管缺失的 21例胎儿的超声图像和妊娠结局。根据 Achiron 等的新分类方法,按脐静脉-门静脉系统中分流部位进行产前超声分型:型为脐静脉-体静脉分流(umbilical-systemic shunts,USS);型为“静脉导管”-体静脉分流(ductus venosus-systemic shunts,DVSS);型为门静脉-体静脉分流(portal-systemic shunts,PSS);型分为a型肝内门-体静脉分流(intrahepatic portal-systemic shunts,IHPSS)和b 型肝外门-体静脉分流(extrahepatic portal-systemic shunts,EHPSS)。通过查阅病史、收集影像学报告和电话随访妊娠结局至产后 42 天(活产、产后超声、肝功能检查或常规体检结果)的资料。结果21例 ADV 胎儿分为 3种类型:型(USS)10例(47.6%),型(DVSS)7 例(33.3%),a 型(IHPSS)4 例(19.0%)。USS 型病例中有 6 例(60%)合并心脏增大;IHPSS 型病例中 2 例(50%)肝内门静脉-肝静脉瘘胎儿心脏增大;而 DVSS型病例未合并心脏增大(P=0.012)。合并心内外畸形共 16例(76.2%),在上述 3种类型中分别为 9例(90%)、4例(57.1%)和 3例(75%)(P=0.288)。合并胎儿生长受限共 3例,在上述 3种类型中所占比例分别为 10%、28.6%和 0(P=0.309)。妊娠结局:5例失访;9例引产,均合并严重胎儿畸形;7 例活产,USS 型、DVSS 型和 IHPSS 型活产数分别为 1 例(10%)、4 例(57.1%)和 2 例(50%)(P=0.077)。结论本研究中 ADV 胎儿 3种类型具有显著的超声特征。USS 型胎儿合并心脏增大及心内外畸形率高,妊娠结局差;ADV胎儿的妊娠结局与分型及是否合并心脏增大和畸形有关。【关键词】静脉导管缺失(ADV);胎儿;产前诊断;彩色多普勒超声;妊娠结局【中图分类号】R714.55 【文献标志码】A doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-8467.2023.02.015Prenatal ultrasonographic diagnosis and pregnancy outcomes of absent ductus venosusZHAO Fan-gui,FU Zhong-peng,YAN Ying-liu,KONG Fan-bin,HUANG Xiao-wei,REN Yun-yun(Department of Ultrasound,Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital,Fudan University,Shanghai 200011,China)【Abstract】Objective To study the prenatal ultrasonographic findings of absent ductus venosus(ADV)and its relationship with pregnancy outcomes.MethodsSonograms and clinical data of 21 ADV cases who visited ultrasound diagnosis department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,Fudan University from Jan 2017 to Feb 2020 were retrospectively reviewed.The cases of ADV were analyzed according to the new classification of Achiron,et al s:Type was umbilical-systemic shunt(USS);Type was ductus venosus-systemic shunt(DVSS);Type was divided into Type a,intrahepatic portal-systemic shunt(IHPSS)and Type b,extrahepatic portal systemic shunt(EHPSS).Fetomaternal clinical characteristics and outcomes(postnatal follow-ups to 42 days)were investigated by means of medical files,imaging documentation and telephone interviews(live birth,postpartum ultrasound,liver function,or routine physical examination results)with the mothers.ResultsA total of 21 cases were identified in 3 Corresponding author E-mail: 网络首发时间:2023-03-14 09 40 04 网络首发地址:https:/ 3月,50(2)types:10(47.6%)with Type ,7(33.3%)with Type and 4(19.0%)with Type a.There were 6 cases(60%)combined with cardiomegaly in type,2 cases(50%)combined with cardiomegaly in Type a,and there was no case combined with cardiomegaly in Type (P=0.012).A total of 16 cases(76.2%)were combined with intracardiac and extracardiac malformations,i.e.,9 cases(90%),4 cases(57.1%)and 3 cases(75%)in the three types,respectively(P=0.288).There were 3 cases with fetal growth restriction,accounting for 10%,28.6%and 0 in the three types,respectively(P=0.309).Pregnancy outcomes:5 cases were lost to follow-up;9 cases with severe malformations were terminated of pregnancy;the remaining 7 cases were born lively,1 case(10%),4 cases(57.1%)and 2 cases(50%)in the three types,respectively(P=0.077).Conclusion In this study,there were significant ultrasonographic findings in three types of ADV.The incidences of cardiomegaly and intracardiac and extracardiac malformations were higher in USS type cases with poor outcomes.Postnatal outcome was associated with the types of ADV,the presence and severity of cardiomegaly,and associated malformations.【Key words】absent ductus venosus(ADV);fetus;prenatal diagnosis;color doppler flow imaging;pregnancy outcome静脉导管(ductus venosus,DV)是胎儿期特有的三大重要血液循环通道之一,由脐静脉入肝后与门静脉窦汇合后发出,并连接隔下前庭(即 DV 及三条肝静脉汇入下腔静脉处),为一入口窄、出口宽的漏斗形管道1。DV 可将来自胎盘的富含氧和营养物质的血液经过隔下前庭导入右心房,直接经卵圆孔进入左心系统,供应胎儿头颈部及上肢2。若在门静脉窦和隔下前庭之间未见静脉导管,则将其定义 为 静 脉 导 管 缺 失(absent ductus venosus,ADV)3-4。ADV 是一种少见的胎儿静脉系统异常,与许多胎儿疾病有关。但由于其发生率低,既往文献报道病例数较少5-6。ADV 常伴发胎儿水肿,心内外畸形以及染色体异常等,且不同类型 ADV 妊娠结局差异较大7-9。既往产前超声将静脉导管缺失诊断分为肝外型和肝内型7,10,Achiron 等于 2016年提出“脐-门-体静脉分流”的宫内分类方法11,此后按照此新分类方法的研究逐渐增多12-15。本研究旨在分析并总结我院 21 例产前超声诊断为 ADV 的胎儿超声图像表现及妊娠结局,为进一步认识并准确诊断该疾病以及产前咨询和临床处理提供依据。资 料 和 方 法研究对象 2017 年 1月2020 年 2月在复旦大学附属妇产科医院超声科行高危超声检查诊断为胎儿 ADV 的 21 例孕妇,其中单胎 19 例,双胎 2 例,均 为 单 绒 毛 膜 双 羊 膜 囊 双 胎(monochorionic-diamniotic twin,MCDA),且 均 为 双 胎 之 一 出 现ADV。孕妇年龄 2237 岁,平均(29.005.22)岁;确 诊 孕 周 13.337.0 周,平 均 确 诊 孕 周(24.886.03)周,孕周由妊娠末次月经或妊娠早期超声检查确定。仪器和方法 采用 GE Voluson E8 和 E10 型彩色多普勒超声诊断仪,探头频率为 3.58 MHz。回顾性分析 21例 ADV 胎儿的产前超声的图像特征和临床资料。所有病例均因常规早孕期颈项透明层(nuchal translucency,NT)检查、中孕期大畸形筛查或中、晚孕期常规超声检查发现脐静脉、肝内静脉或其他系统异常,为进一步诊断而进行的高危超声检查。高危超声由 2 名经验丰富的高年资医师诊断。具体检查内容包括胎儿各生长径线、胎儿各系统结构以及胎盘、羊水和脐带等。当二维及彩色多普勒超声在门静脉窦和静脉前庭之间未探及静脉导管时,诊断为胎儿 ADV;并仔细检查脐静脉的走行以及其与周围静脉、心脏的关系。根据 Achiron 等11在 2016 年提出的分类方法,按脐静脉-门静脉系统中分流部位进行产前超声分型。型:脐静脉-体静脉分流(umbilical-systemic shunts,USS),超声表现为脐静脉未与左门静脉形成正常肝内连接后发出 DV,而是脐静脉直接连接体静脉系统,即异常分流起源于脐静脉、引流入体256赵凡桂,等.静脉导管缺失的产前超声诊断及妊娠结局分析静脉系统;型:“静脉导管”-体静脉分流(ductus venosus-systemi