淮北地区干旱胁迫对冬小麦不...分利用效率影响与差异性分析_高佩.pdf

节水灌溉Water Saving I淮北地区干旱胁迫对冬小麦不同土壤中生长及水分利用效率影响与差异性分析高佩1，王怡宁1，2，吕海深1，朱永华1，王发信3，崔雪艳4（1.河海大学水文水资源学院，南京 210098；2.南京水利科学研究院，南京 210029；3.安徽省（水利部淮河水利委员会）水利科学研究院 五道沟水文实验站，安徽 蚌埠 233000；4.湖南工业大学计算机学院，湖南 株洲 412000）摘 要：为探究不同干旱胁迫在各生育期中对冬小麦在砂姜黑土和黄潮土中生长发育的影响与差异，基于2022年五道沟水文实验站桶栽干旱试验，在冬小麦返青-拔节、拔节-抽穗、抽穗-乳熟期进行水分控制，设置轻旱、中旱、重旱3个胁迫水平及全生育期无旱对照（CK），分析各生育阶段不同干旱胁迫对冬小麦在砂姜黑土和黄潮土中株高、耗水量、产量、水分利用效率（WUE）的影响与差异。结果表明：两种土壤冬小麦各生育阶段受旱影响下，株高小于对照组，重旱对株高的抑制最显著，拔节-抽穗期受旱对株高造成持续抑制影响；收获时黄潮土各处理株高均低于砂姜黑土，但干旱影响下，黄潮土各生育阶段受旱组株高抑制水平均小于砂姜黑土。两种土壤各生育阶段耗水量随干旱加重而减少，重旱减少趋势最显著，且耗水量减少均会使总耗水量低于对照组，但黄潮土各受旱组基于对照减少水平均小于砂姜黑土。两种土壤随干旱加重减产加剧，砂姜黑土各处理组产量均大于黄潮土，但黄潮土返青-拔节期、拔节-抽穗期相比砂姜黑土有一定抗旱能力；抽穗-乳熟期，砂姜黑土抗旱能力优于黄潮土。各处理砂姜黑土WUE均高于黄潮土，抽穗-乳熟期差距最显著，该生育阶段受旱对黄潮土冬小麦的影响比砂姜黑土更大。关键词：冬小麦；不同土壤；不同干旱程度水分胁迫；水分亏缺；调亏灌溉；亏缺灌溉；水分利用效率；差异性中图分类号：S274；TV93 文献标识码：A DOI：10.12396/jsgg.2022392高 佩，王怡宁，吕海深，等.淮北地区干旱胁迫对冬小麦不同土壤中生长及水分利用效率影响与差异性分析 J.节水灌溉，2023（6）：110-116.DOI：10.12396/jsgg.2022392.GAO P，WANG Y N，L H S，et al.Effect and difference of drought stress on growth and water use efficiency of winter wheat in different soil in Huaibei Area J.Water Saving Irrigation，2023（6）：110-116.DOI：10.12396/jsgg.2022392.Effect and Difference of Drought Stress on Growth and Water Use Efficiency of Winter Wheat in Different Soil in Huaibei AreaGAO Pei1，WANG Yi-ning1，2，L Hai-shen1，ZHU Yong-hua1，WANG Fa-xin3，CUI Xue-yan4（1.College of Hydrology and Water Resources，Hohai University，Nanjing 210098，China；2.Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute，Nanjing 210029，China；3.Wudaogou Hydrological Experimental Station，Anhui Water Resources Research Institute，Bengbu 233000，Anhui Province，China；4.College of Computer Science，Hunan University of Technology，Zhuzhou 412000，Hunan Province，China）Abstract：In order to explore the effects and differences of different drought stresses on the growth and development of winter wheat in lime 文章编号：1007-4929（2023）06-0110-07收稿日期：2022-12-02基金项目：国家自然科学基金项目(41830752;42071033)；国家青年基金项目（52109029）。作者简介：高佩(1999-)，男，硕士研究生，主要从事水文水资源方向的研究。E-mail:。通讯作者：王怡宁(1992-)，女，工程师，博士研究生，研究方向为水文水资源。E-mail:。110淮北地区干旱胁迫对冬小麦不同土壤中生长及水分利用效率影响与差异性分析 高佩 王怡宁 吕海深 等concretion black soil and yellow tide soil in different growth periods,based on the barrel-planted drought experiment in Wudaogou Hydrological Experimental Station in 2022,water control was carried out in the rejuvenation-jointing,jointing-ear pumping and ear-milking stages of Winter Wheat,and the three stress levels of light,medium and severe drought and drought-free control(CK)of the whole growth period were set to analyze the effects of different drought stresses on plant height,water consumption and WUE of winter wheat in two soils.The results showed that:under the influence of drought in each growth period of winter wheat in two soils,the plant height was smaller than that of the control group,the inhibition of plant height by severe drought was the most significant,and the drought during the jointing-panicle stage had the continuous inhibition effect on plant height.At the time of harvest,the plant heights of all treated yellow tide soil were lower than those of sand ginger black soil,but under the influence of drought,the plant height inhibition level of dry group in each growth period of yellow aquic soil was lower than that of sand ginger black soil.The water consumption of each growth period of the two soils decreased with the aggravation of drought,the trend of severe drought reduction was the most significant,and the reduction of water consumption made the total water consumption lower than that of the control group,but the reduction level of the drought-affected group of the yellow tide soil was lower than that of the sand ginger black soil.The yield reduction of the two soils intensified with the aggravation of drought,and the yield of each treatment group of sand and ginger black soil was greater than that of yellow tide soil,but the yellow tide soil had certain drought resistance compared with the rejuvenation-jointing stage and jointing-ear pumping stage.During the pumping-milk-ripening period,the drought resistance of sand ginger black soil was better than that of yellow tide soil.The WUE of sand ginger black soil was higher than that of yellow tide soil,the gap between ear pumping and milk ripening was the most significant,and the impact of drought on winter wheat in yellow tidal soil was greater than that of sand ginger black soil in this growth stage.Key words：winter wheat；different soils；water stress of varying degrees of drought；water deficit；deficit irrigation；inadequate irrigation；water use efficiency；differentiation0引 言全球变暖背景下，气象和农业干旱在干旱频发区域呈现不同程度的增加趋势1，对全球粮食安全和农业生产造成严重影响2，粮食安全是人类生存及社会持续发展的根本保障3，在水资源短缺的影响下，保障粮食安全和实现农业系统可持续发展是目前全球共同面临的重大挑战4。随着农业用水紧缺和干旱灾害频繁发生，农作物生育阶段遭受干旱胁迫影响严重，水分对作物的影响以及作物的响应关系也是复杂的5，很多学者在这方面进行了大量的研究。闫春娟等6研究了大豆在不同生育期干旱胁迫下根系特性及产量情况。吕亮杰7等对不同品种的小麦开展干旱胁迫试验，发现干旱胁迫下不同品种小麦营养物质积累过程存在差异。朱亚楠等8研究了干旱胁迫对冬小麦、夏玉米生长和产量的影响，指出冬小麦灌浆期遭到干旱胁迫会使小麦产量和水分利用效率显著降低，随着干旱胁迫加剧，玉米生长受到抑制，根长变短，总生物量降低。候志强等9基于夏大豆受旱盆栽试验研究了淮北地区不同生育期干旱胁迫对耗水量和水分利用效率的影响，结果表明干旱胁迫使得生育期耗水量减少，且干旱程度越重减