2022年医学专题—慢性阻塞性肺病的新进展2014--cai.ppt

慢性(mn xng)阻塞性肺病的新进展,清华大学第一(dy)附属医院呼吸科,第一页，共九十二页。,GOLD颁布的COPD全球策略 2014年最新更新 慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重(AECOPD)诊治中国(zhn u)专家共识(草案),第二页，共九十二页。,Global Strategy for Diagnosis,Management and Prevention of COPD,2013:Chapters,Definition and Overview Diagnosis and AssessmentTherapeutic OptionsManage Stable COPDManage ExacerbationsManage Comorbidities,Updated 2013,2013 Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease,第三页，共九十二页。,COPD的定义(dngy),COPD 是一种可以预防和可以治疗的常见疾病,其特征是持续存在的气流受限。气流受限呈进行性发展,伴有气道和肺对有害颗粒或气体所致慢性炎症反应的增加。急性加重和合并症影响患者(hunzh)整体疾病的严重程度。,第四页，共九十二页。,COPD气流受限的发病(f bng)机制,AIRFLOW LIMITATION,2013 Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease,第五页，共九十二页。,COPD的危险(wixin)因素,肺的生长发育性别(xngbi)年龄 呼吸道感染社会经济条件哮喘气道高反应性慢性支气管炎,基因有害颗粒暴露 吸烟 职业粉尘(fnchn)，有机物，无机物 室内燃料燃烧和通风不良 室外空气污染,2013 Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease,第六页，共九十二页。,COPD的危险(wixin)因素,Genes,Infections,Socio-economic status,Aging Populations,2013 Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease,第七页，共九十二页。,Global Strategy for Diagnosis,Management and Prevention of COPD,2013:Chapters,Definition and Overview Diagnosis and AssessmentTherapeutic OptionsManage Stable COPDManage ExacerbationsManage Comorbidities,UPDATED 2013,2013 Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease,第八页，共九十二页。,SYMPTOMS,chronic cough,shortness of breath,EXPOSURE TO RISKFACTORS,tobacco,occupation,indoor/outdoor pollution,SPIROMETRY:Required to establish diagnosis,COPD的诊断(zhndun),sputum,2013 Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease,第九页，共九十二页。,COPD的诊断(zhndun),任何患有呼吸困难、慢性(mn xng)咳嗽或多痰的患者,并且有暴露于危险因素的病史,在临床上需要考虑COPD 的诊断。作出COPD 的诊断需要进行肺功能检查,吸入支气管扩张剂之后FEV1/FVC 0.70 表明存在气流受限,即可诊断COPD。,第十页，共九十二页。,COPD评估(pn),COPD 评估的目的是决定疾病的严重程度,包括气流受限的严重程度,患者的健康状况和未来的风险程度(例如急性加重、住院或死亡),最终(zu zhn)目的是指导治疗。,2013 Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease,第十一页，共九十二页。,COPD的评估(pn),症状评估气流受限采用肺功能严重(ynzhng)度分级急性加重风险评估合并症评估,2013 Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease,第十二页，共九十二页。,*改良英国(yn u)MRC 呼吸困难指数(modified british medical research council,mMRC)*COPD 评估测试(COPDassessment test,CAT)。,症状(zhngzhung)的评估,2013 Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease,第十三页，共九十二页。,Global Strategy for Diagnosis,Management and Prevention of COPDModified MRC(mMRC)Questionnaire,2013 Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease,第十四页，共九十二页。,气流(qli)受限的评估,气流(qli)受限程度仍采用肺功能严重度分级,即FEV1 占预计值80%、50%、30%为分级标准。COPD 患者的气流受限的肺功能分级分为4 级(Grades),即:GOLD 1轻度,GOLD 2中度,GOLD 3重度,GOLD 4非常严重。使用支气管扩张剂后，患者肺功能FEV1/FVC 0.70 COPD 分期(Stage)的概念已经被废除,2013 Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease,第十五页，共九十二页。,Global Strategy for Diagnosis,Management and Prevention of COPDClassification of Severity of Airflow Limitation in COPD*,In patients with FEV1/FVC 80%predicted GOLD 2:Moderate 50%FEV1 80%predictedGOLD 3:Severe 30%FEV1 50%predictedGOLD 4:Very Severe FEV1 30%predicted*Based on Post-Bronchodilator FEV1,2013 Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease,第十六页，共九十二页。,急性加重(jizhng)风险评估,采用急性加重病史和肺功能评估急性加重的风险,上一年发生2 次或以上的急性加重或FEV1%pred 50%提示风险增加需要(xyo)正确评估合并症并给予恰当的治疗。,2013 Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease,第十七页，共九十二页。,合并症评估(pn),心血管病骨质疏松症呼吸道感染焦虑和抑郁症糖尿病肺癌合并症影响(yngxing)COPD的死亡率住院率,2013 Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease,第十八页，共九十二页。,Combined Assessment of COPD,Risk(GOLD Classification of Airflow Limitation),Risk(Exacerbation history),2,1,0,(C),(D),(A),(B),mMRC 0-1CAT 10,4,3,2,1,mMRC 2CAT 10,Symptoms(mMRC or CAT score),2013 Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease,第十九页，共九十二页。,Combined Assessment of COPD,(C),(D),(A),(B),mMRC 0-1CAT 10,mMRC 2CAT 10,Symptoms(mMRC or CAT score),If mMRC 0-1 or CAT 2 or CAT 10:More Symptoms(B or D),首先(shuxin)Assess symptoms first,2013 Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease,第二十页，共九十二页。,Combined Assessment of COPD,Risk(GOLD Classification of Airflow Limitation),Risk(Exacerbation history),2,1,0,(C),(D),(A),(B),mMRC 0-1CAT 10,4,3,2,1,mMRC 2CAT 10,Symptoms(mMRC or CAT score),If GOLD 1 or 2 and only 0 or 1 exacerbations per year:Low Risk(A or B)If GOLD 3 or 4 or two ormore exacerbations per year:High Risk(C or D)(One or more hospitalizations for COPD exacerbations should be considered high risk.),其次急性加重风险(fngxin)的评估,2013 Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease,第二十一页，共九十二页。,Combined Assessment of COPD,Risk(GOLD Classification of Airflow Limitation),Risk(Exacerbation history),2,1,0,(C),(D),(A),(B),mMRC 0-1CAT 10,4,3,2,1,mMRC 2CAT 10,Symptoms(mMRC or CAT score),Patient is now in one offour categories:A:Less symptoms,low riskB:More symptoms,low riskC:Less symptoms,high riskD:More symptoms,high risk,综合(zngh)评估,2013 Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease,第二十二页，共九十二页。,Combined Assessment of COPD,Risk(GOLD Classification of Airflow Limitation),Risk(Exacerbation history),2,1,0,(C),(D),(A),(B),mMRC 0-1CAT 10,4,3,2,1,mMRC 2CAT 10,Symptoms(mMRC or CAT score),2013 Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease,第二十三页，共九十二页。,Combined Assessment of COPD,2013 Global Initiat