2022
医学
专题
心血管
活动
调节
中英文
II.Humoral regulation of cardiovascular system 心血管活动的体液(ty)调节,第一页,共四十六页。,1.肾素血管紧张素醛固酮系统(xtng)(RAAS)2.肾上腺素和去甲肾上腺素 3.血管升压素 4.血管内皮生成的活性物质 5.心房钠尿肽 6.激肽释放酶激肽系统,第二页,共四十六页。,1.Renin-angiotension-aldosterone system(RAA肾素血管紧张(jnzhng)素醛固酮系统(RAAS),第三页,共四十六页。,交感神经(jiogn-shnjng)兴奋低血压Na,肾球旁细胞(xbo)分泌肾素,血管(xugun)紧张素原,AI,渴觉,AII,ADH,心肌肥大血管增生,全身血管收缩,血容量,肾脏水钠潴留,下丘脑,肾上腺皮质,醛固酮,ACE,第四页,共四十六页。,(1)Angiotonin II 血管(xugun)紧张素II(AII),angiotensinogen(2-globulin)renin(kidney)angiotensin(decapeptide)converting enzyme(pneumoangiogram)angiotensin(octapeptide)+AT1 receptorangiotensinase A angiotensin(heptapeptide),第五页,共四十六页。,a.The formation of angiotonin 血管紧张素生成过程(guchng)血管紧张素原(肝合成)肾素(肾近球细胞分泌)血管紧张素(10肽)(转化酶,主要在肺血管)血管紧张素(8肽)AT1受体 血管紧张素酶A 血管紧张素III(7肽),第六页,共四十六页。,b.Physiological function of angiotensin 血管紧张(jnzhng)素的生理作用,The systemic arterioles contracts and the peripheral resistance increases.全身微动脉收缩,外周阻力(zl)。The veins contracts and the returned blood increases.静脉收缩,回心血量。,第七页,共四十六页。,Prejunctional modulation,promote the sympathetic nerve ending to excrete NA.接头前调制,促进交感神经末梢释放NA。Action on the specific receptors of CNS,the sympathesis vasoconstrictor tone.作用于中枢特定受体,交感缩血管紧张。Stimulate the formation and excretion of aldosterone,the reabsorption of sodium and fluid increases and thus the BP increases too.刺激醛固酮生成(shn chn)分泌,水钠重吸收,血压。,第八页,共四十六页。,(2)Aldosterone 醛固酮Synthesis position:adrenal cortex ZG cell合成部位:肾上腺皮质球状带细胞critical organ:distal tubule、collecting duct靶器官(qgun):远曲小管、集合管Function:to keep Na+and excrete K+.作用:保Na+排K+作用。,第九页,共四十六页。,第十页,共四十六页。,mechanism of action作用(zuyng)机制,醛固酮,促进(cjn)小管上皮细胞Na+泵运转促进生化氧化提供ATP增加管腔膜对Na+通透性,促进(cjn)Na+的主动重吸收(保Na+),造成小管腔内负电位,K+被分泌到小管液(排K+),第十一页,共四十六页。,2.Adrenaline(Adr)and noradrenaline(NA)肾上腺素和去甲肾上腺素 Synthesis postion:合成(hchng)部位(1)adrenal medulla 肾上腺髓质 Adr:80%,NE:20%肾上腺素:80,去甲肾上腺素:20(2)adrenergic nerve ending 肾上腺素能神经末梢 Secrete NA only.仅分泌少量的NA入血。,第十二页,共四十六页。,第十三页,共四十六页。,肾上腺素 强心药,第十四页,共四十六页。,去甲(q ji)肾上腺素 升压药,第十五页,共四十六页。,3.vasopressin(Antidiuretic hormone)血管升压素(抗利尿激素)Synthesis position:supraoptic nucleus and paraventricular nucleus.Store in posterior pituitary gland and release to blood stream.合成部位:在下丘脑的视上核和室旁核合成。在神经垂体后叶贮存,释放(shfng)到血液中发挥作用。,第十六页,共四十六页。,V1 receptor:constriction of blood vessel increase in blood pressure.结合V1受体:血管收缩(shu su),血压。V2 receptor:reabsorption of H2O from collecting duct increases.结合V2受体:肾集合管对水的重吸收。,第十七页,共四十六页。,Physical function 生理功能 In normal condition,the increase in the level of ADH in plasma firstly induces the effect of antidiuresis,and only when its level increases definitely,the BP increases.ADH plays an important role in the regulation of the volume of extracellular fluid.Under the condition of water bearing,water depletion and blood loss,the secretion of ADH increases to keep the normal volume of body fluid and maintain the normal BP.,第十八页,共四十六页。,正常情况下,血浆中ADH浓度升高时首先出现抗利尿效应,当其血浆浓度明显升高时,才引起血压升高。ADH对体内(t ni)细胞外液量的调节起重要作用。在禁水、失水、失血等情况下,ADH释放增加,保留体内液体量,维持动脉血压。,第十九页,共四十六页。,4.Endothelium-derived vasoactive substances 血管内皮生成的血管活性物质(1)Endothelium-derived relaxing substances 血管内皮生成的舒血管物质Prostacyclin 前列环素(PGI2)Endothelium-derived relaxing factor NO 血管内皮舒张(shzhng)因子一氧化氮(NO),第二十页,共四十六页。,Endothelium-derived relaxing factor NO 血管内皮舒张(shzhng)因子一氧化氮(NO),第二十一页,共四十六页。,In 1977 Murad Find glycerol trinitrate educe its endothelium-relaxing effect through NO.In 1980 Furchgott Presume Ach educe its its endothelium-relaxing effect through EDRF.In 1987 Moncada Certificate the EDRF is in fact NO through the way of“waterfall-type shower”.,The finding process of NO,第二十二页,共四十六页。,NO的发现(fxin)过程,1977年 默拉德(Murad)确认硝酸甘油类物质舒张血管的作用通过释放NO来实现。1980年 佛奇戈特(Furchgott)推测Ach通过内皮细胞释放的EDRF来实现其舒血管效应(xioyng)。1987年 蒙卡达(Moncada)运用“瀑布式淋浴”方法证明EDRF即是NO。,第二十三页,共四十六页。,Physical function of NONO的生理(shngl)作用,第二十四页,共四十六页。,AC,NOS,血管(xugun)舒张,精氨酸,NO,cGMP,Ca2+i,瓜氨酸,NOS 活性:Ach,缓激肽,P物质(wzh),5HT,ATPNOS 活性:NA,ADH,AII,第二十五页,共四十六页。,Endothelin 内皮素(ET)21肽 Vascular endothelial cell excretes,strong vasoconstrictor.血管(xugun)内皮细胞分泌的强缩血管(xugun)物质。Endothelin causes first decrease in BP and followed by long-term of the increase in BP.内皮素在引发长时期血压先出现血压。,(2)Endothelium-derived vasoconstrictor substances 血管(xugun)内皮生成的缩血管(xugun)物质,第二十六页,共四十六页。,5.Atrial natriuretic peptide(ANP)心房(xnfng)钠尿肽(ANP),Synthesis position:atrial muscle cell(28 peptides)合成部位(bwi):心房肌细胞,28肽 Target organ:heart,blood vessels,kidney,CNS 靶器官:心脏,血管,肾脏,中枢 The blood volume increases,the atrium wall stretches ANP.血容量增加,心房壁受到牵拉ANP。,第二十七页,共四十六页。,Physiological function 生理(shngl)作用,HR,CO 心率,心输出量。The blood vessel dilates and the peripheral resistance increases.血管舒张,外周阻力。To inhibit the activity of RAAS system,the secretion of water and sodium increases.抑制RAAS系统的活性,肾排水排钠。To inhibit the secretion of ADH.抑制血管升压(shn y)素的释放。,第二十八页,共四十六页。,6.Kallikrein-kinin system 激肽释放(shfng)酶激肽系统(KKS),组织(zzh)激肽释放酶,低分子(fnz)激肽原,赖氨酰缓激肽,缓激肽,激肽酶I,激肽酶II,失活,高分子激肽原,血浆激肽释放酶,氨基肽酶,第二十九页,共四十六页。,Callidin and kallidin is the most intensive vessel-relaxing substances.Kinin can relax the VSM and improve the capillary permeability,but as to other SM