2022年医学专题—Respiratory-Failure-呼吸衰竭(1).pptVIP免费

RespiratoryFailure第一页，共四十九页。1.AbstractsRespiratoryfailure,whetheracuteorchronic,isafrequentlyfacedproblemandamajorcauseofdeathinourcountry.Forexample,mortalityfromCOPD,whichendsindeathfromrespiratoryfailure,continuestoincrease.Morethan70%ofthedeathsinpatientswithpneumoniaareattributedtorespiratoryfailure.第二页，共四十九页。2.DefinitionRespiratoryfailureisfunctionalacuteorchronicdisordercausedbyanyconditionthataffectsthelung’sabilitytomaintainarterialoxygenationorcarbondioxide(CO2)elimination.Itisdefinedasaconditioninwhichthisgasexchangedeterioratesbelowtheusuallevel,sothatarterialoxygentensiondecreases,withorwithoutanabnormalriseinarterialcarbondioxidetension.第三页，共四十九页。3.ClassificationsGenerallybothacuteandchronicrespiratoryfailuremaybedividedintotwomaincategories:第四页，共四十九页。TyperespiratoryfailureⅠTyperespiratoryfailureisalsocalledhypoxicrespiratoryfailure,whichmeansthatseverelyreducesarterialoxygentension(PaOⅠ2<60mmHg),CO2retentionisnotexist.Thistypeofrespiratoryfailureiscausedbyafailureofgasexchange.第五页，共四十九页。TyperespiratoryfailureⅡTyperespiratoryfailureisalsomeantthathypercapnic-hypoxicrespiratoryfailure.ⅡArterialbloodgasvaluesshowsthatarterialcarbondioxidetensionismorethan50mmHgandarterialoxygentensionislessthan60mmHgTyperespiratoryismainlycausedbyhypoventilation.Ⅱ第六页，共四十九页。PathogenesisMainlydiscusschronicrespiratoryfailurewehaveknownthatthelungs’abilityisgasexchange.Thegasexchangeinvolvesnotonlyoxygenationbutalsocarbondioxideelimination.第七页，共四十九页。PathogenesisRespiratoryfailureismainlyassociatedwithpulmonarygasexchangeandpulmonaryventilation.第八页，共四十九页。V/Qmismatch:AneffectivelunggasexchangeneedsnotonlysufficientlungventilationandlungbloodvolumesbutalsoanadequateV/Qratios.Usually,thevolumeofventilationis4liters/min.Thevolumeoflungbloodis5liters/min.Sotheratiosis0.8第九页，共四十九页。Anyofthefactorsinfluencedtheratiosmaymainlycausehypoxemiarespiratoryfailu...