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贵州省
部分
地区
马铃薯
重金属
污染
状况
健康
风险
评价
收稿日期:20220222修回日期:20221212基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(21866008);贵州省科技计划后补助项目(黔科合后补助)2020 3001;贵大人基合字(2017)51作者简介:张洁(1998),男研究方向:土壤重金属污染与防治Email:1339807750 qqcom通信作者刘克(1986),男,副教授研究方向:土壤重金属污染与防治Email:gzdxlk 126com贵州省部分地区马铃薯重金属污染状况与健康风险评价张洁,刘克,何雪,李威(贵州大学农学院,贵州 贵阳 550025)摘要:为研究贵州省部分马铃薯产区重金属污染状况,评估重金属污染对人体健康风险,采集了 4 个马铃薯产区(荔波县、赤水县、盘县、威宁县)共 89 个土壤马铃薯样品,测定了 Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Cd 和 Pb 7 种重金属含量,运用单因子污染指数法和内梅罗综合污染指数法对土壤重金属污染状况进行评价,采用目标危害系数法评价马铃薯中重金属所造成的人体健康风险单因子指数分析表明,荔波县和赤水县均存在轻度 Cd 污染,盘县 Cu、As 和 Cd 分别为轻度污染、轻微污染和中度污染,威宁 Cu、Zn 和 Cd 分别为轻微污染、轻微污染和重度污染;内梅罗综合指数分析表明,荔波县和赤水县为轻度污染,盘县为中度污染,威宁县为重度污染在马铃薯块茎中,荔波县 Cr 和 Ni 含量超标,赤水县 Cr、Ni、Cd 和 Pb 含量超标,盘县 Cr、Ni、Cd 和 Pb 含量超标,威宁县 Cr、Ni 和 Cd 含量超标马铃薯块茎均对 7 种土壤重金属存在不同程度富集现象,且均对 As、Ni和 Cd 富集较大,荔波县和赤水县表现为 AsNiCd,盘县为 AsCdNi,威宁县为 CdAsNi马铃薯块茎中 Cr、Ni、Cd 和 As的单一重金属的目标危害系数(THQ)为均大于 1,各产区多种重金属的综合目标危害系数(TTHQ)均大于 1 且盘县荔波县威宁县赤水县,TTHQ 和 THQ 均为儿童成人,对成人和儿童可能会存在健康风险,且儿童风险更高荔波县和赤水县土壤污染较轻,盘县和威宁县土壤污染较重,各研究区的马铃薯块茎中重金属可能会对人体存在健康风险,应及时采取有开放科学(资源服务)标识码(OSID)效措施进行重金属污染的修复与治理关键词:马铃薯;土壤;重金属;污染评价中图分类号:X53;X8204文献标识码:A文章编号:1671-5470(2023)03-0365-10DOI:1013323/jcnkijfafu(natsci)202303012Heavy metal pollution and health risk evaluation of potato fromsome areas in Guizhou ProvinceZHANG Jie,LIU Ke,HE Xue,LI Wei(College of Agriculture,Guizhou University,Guiyang,Guizhou 550025,China)Abstract:In order to study the status of heavy metal pollution in some potato producing areas in Guizhou Province,and evaluate therisk of heavy metal pollution imposing on human health,89 soil and potato samples were collected from 4 potato producing areas(Libo County,Chishui County,Pan County and Weining County),and the contents of 7 heavy metals,namely chromium(Cr),nickel(Ni),copper(Cu),zinc(Zn),arsenic(As),cadmium(Cd)and lead(Pb),were determined Single factor pollutionindex and Nemero comprehensive pollution index were calculated to evaluate the pollution status of heavy metals from the soils,andtarget hazard quotient(THQ)was used to assess human health risk caused by heavy metals in potatoes Single factor indexes showedthat Libo and Chishui were slightly polluted by Cd;soils from Pan County were slightly polluted by Cu,mildly polluted by As andmoderately polluted by Cd;soils from Weining were characterized by slight pollution level of Cu and Zn,but severe pollution level ofCd Nemero comprehensive pollution indexes further showed that Libo and Chishui were slightly polluted,Pan County was moderate-ly polluted and Weining was severely polluted When it comes to potato,the contents of Cr and Ni in potatoes from Libo exceededthe standard levels,those from Chishui were detected to have excessive amounts of Cr,Ni and Cd,the contents of Cr,Ni,Cd andPb in potatoes from Pan County all exceeded the standard limits,and potatoes from Weining also had excessive amounts of Cr,Ni福建农林大学学报(自然科学版)第 52 卷 第 3 期Journal of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University(Natural Science Edition)2023 年 5 月and Cd The enrichment of heavy metals in potato tubers varied among different types,and As,Ni and Cd were the most commonlyenriched ones for all the producing areas The orders of the enrichment coefficients of the 3 heavy metals were as follows:AsNiCdin Libo and Chuishui,AsCdNi in Pan County,and CdAsNi in Weining The THQs of Cr,Ni,Cd and As in potato tubers andtotal target hazard quotient(TTHQ)for all the producing areas were greater than 1,and the order of TTHQ was PanxianLiboWeiningChishui Children had greater TTHQ and THQ than the adults,implying the health risks imposing on both and childrenwere at higher risk of heavy metal contamination In conclusion,soil pollution in Libo and Chishui was relatively mild while the pol-lutions were relatively severe in Pan County and Weining Considering the health risk of heavy metals from potato tubers,effectivemeasures should be taken in time to repair and control itKey words:potato;soil;heavy metals;pollution evaluation马铃薯(Solanum tuberosum L)是世界四大粮食作物之一,产量位居世界第一12,是工业和食品加工的重要原料34,其块茎富含淀粉,可以为人体提供所需能量,并且富含蛋白质、氨基酸以及各种维生素和矿物质56,具有抗氧化、抗衰老、防止动脉硬化、补气养血等作用7 在我国四大马铃薯主产区中,以贵州省为中心的西南喀斯特高原山区马铃薯的生产综合优势最高马铃薯是贵州省的主要粮食作物,也是主要经济来源之一,主要种植于六盘水市、毕节市和遵义市北部地区8 据 2015 年中国统计年鉴 数据统计,2014 年贵州省薯类作物播种面积达 9450104hm2,产量达 28990104t9 土壤是保障人类食物数量安全和质量安全最重要的自然资源,也是生态和环境保护的重要对象10 近年来,国家城镇化的发展、土地利用方式的改变和污染物排放导致土壤重金属污染越来越严重,对土壤质量和生态环境安全构成了巨大的威胁1112 土壤重金属一般指浓度大于 450 gcm3的金属,具有在土壤中易积累、难降解的污染特性1314,造成土壤污染的重金属元素主要有 Cr、Cd、Cu、As、Zn 和 Ni 等元素15 当前,我国农业面临的挑战之一是食品安全问题,如“血铅中毒”、“镉米超标”等污染事件的发生,使土壤重金属污染越来越受到人们的关注1617 农作物种植在重金属污染的土壤上,通过土壤农作物人体迁移,富集在食用部位18,不仅影响农作物的产量和品质,也会产生一系列的毒害效应19,对人体健康构成潜在的威胁20 例如:重金属 Cd 会导致肾功能障碍、肺腺癌、前列腺增生;As 会导致皮肤癌、产生神经性病变和心脑血管疾病;Pb 过量摄入会伤害人体脑细胞,导致肾脏、消化和免疫系统的损伤;Cu和 Ni 的毒性相对较小,但是过量摄入也会对人体器官产生损害2122 马铃薯块茎因其直接与土壤接触,所以较其他粮食作物更容易受到重金属污染土壤重金属浓度升高会导致马铃薯食用部分的重金属含量增加23 土壤重金属污染严重影响马铃薯的质量安全和人体健康,因此需要对产区马铃薯进行人体健康风险评估本试验随机采集了 4 个马铃薯产区(荔波县、赤水县、盘县、威宁县)共 89 个土壤马铃薯样品,测定了 Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Cd 和 Pb 7 种重金属含量,并运用单因子污染指数法和内梅罗综合污染指数法分析马铃薯及产地土壤重金属污染状况,采用目标危险系数法评估膳食途径各产区马铃薯的重金属健康风险,采用富集系数(bio-concentration factor,BCF)评价马铃薯对产区土壤中 7 种重金属的吸收累积能力20,以期为贵州省马铃薯产区马铃薯安全食用与土壤重金属污染防控与修复治理提供依据1材料与方法11采样区分布与样