钢_铝薄板热无铆连接接头力学性能研究_谷东伟.pdf

第 15 卷 第 4 期 精 密 成 形 工 程 2023 年 4 月 JOURNAL OF NETSHAPE FORMING ENGINEERING 49 收稿日期：20221103 Received：2022-11-03 基金项目：吉林省科技发展计划（20190302100GX，20200401115GX）Fund：Jilin Provincial Science and Technology Development Plan Project(20190302100GX,20200401115GX)作者简介：谷东伟（1983），男，博士，副教授，主要研究方向为可靠性分析。Biography：GU Dong-wei(1983-),Male,Doctor,Associate professor,Research focus:reliability analysis.通讯作者：李奇涵（1970），男，博士，教授，主要研究方向为金属板料冲压成形技术。Corresponding author：LI Qi-han(1970-),Male,Doctor,Professor,Research focus:sheet metal stamping technology.引文格式：谷东伟,陈光,李奇涵,等.钢/铝薄板热无铆连接接头力学性能研究J.精密成形工程,2023,15(4):49-57.GU Dong-wei,CHEN Guang,LI Qi-han,et al.Mechanical Properties of Hot Clinching Joint of Steel/Aluminum SheetJ.Journal of Netshape Forming Engineering,2023,15(4):49-57.钢/铝薄板热无铆连接接头力学性能研究 谷东伟，陈光，李奇涵，高嵩（长春工业大学 机电工程学院，长春 130012）摘要：目的目的 针对目前车用高强钢和高强度铝合金板料在无铆连接工艺上出现的成形接头效果不佳及接头强度难以满足实际工况等问题，提出一种钢/铝异种材料热无铆塑性连接工艺，以有效提高 22MnB5 高强钢与7050 铝合金铆接接头性能。方法方法 通过软件 Abaqus 建立钢/铝异种材料无铆塑性连接有限元模型，对塑性连接接头尺寸特性进行分析；进一步通过仿真分析研究高强钢初始铆接温度对接头截面颈厚与自锁值的影响，并采用拉伸试验研究铝板在不同初始温度下及成形接头在不同冷却方式下对无铆塑性连接接头性能的影响。结果结果 将有限元仿真分析结果与试验的金相图进行了对比研究，得出二者成形接头的尺寸基本吻合，并产生了有效的机械自锁，证明了仿真模型的准确性。随后，经仿真分析确定，钢加热至 700 时，接头颈厚值与自锁值均最大，分别为 0.402、0.357 mm，该成形温度下接头特征尺寸最佳。最后，通过试验分析发现，常温铆接、阀冷、室冷、水冷的拉力峰值分别为 2.076 3、5.314 0、2.411 1、2.024 0 kN。由此可得，热处理后接头的抗剪切强度较常温铆接提高了 28.5%，在 3 种冷却方式处理下，阀冷的接头强度最佳，水冷的接头强度最差。结论结论 通过对比分析，确定了 22MnB5 钢加热至 700 且铝仅经热传导并采用阀冷时进行无铆塑性连接的接头强度最佳。关键词：钢/铝；异种材料；热无铆塑性连接；接头性能；拉伸试验 DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2023.04.006 中图分类号：TG376.2 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1674-6457(2023)04-0049-09 Mechanical Properties of Hot Clinching Joint of Steel/Aluminum Sheet GU Dong-wei,CHEN Guang,LI Qi-han,GAO Song (School of Mechanical Engineering,Changchun University of Technology,Changchun 130012,China)ABSTRACT:The work aims to propose a hot clinching plastic connection process for steel/aluminum dissimilar materials to improve the connection performance of riveted joint between 22MnB5 high-strength steel and 7050 aluminum alloy,thus solv-ing the problems that the joint forming effect of high-strength steel and high-strength aluminum alloy sheet for automobile in the clinching connection process is not good and the joint strength is difficult to meet the actual working conditions.A finite element model of the clinching plastic connection of steel/aluminum dissimilar materials was established by the software Abaqus,and 50 精 密 成 形 工 程 2023 年 4 月 the characteristic size of the plastic joint was analyzed.Further,the effects of initial high-strength steel clinching temperature on the sectional neck thickness and the self-locking value of the joint were studied by simulation analysis,and tensile tests were also used to study the effects of aluminum sheets at different initial temperature and formed joints under different cooling meth-ods on the performance of clinching plastic joints.A comparative study was carried out between the finite element simulation analysis and the experimental metallography,showing that the sizes of the two formed joints were basically matched and an ef-fective mechanical self-locking was produced and proving the accuracy of the simulation model.Subsequently,the simulation analysis determined that the joint neck thickness and self-locking value reached the maximum value of 0.402 mm and 0.357 mm respectively at 700 and the joint had the best characteristic size at this forming temperature.In the final test,the peak tensile of clinching joint at room temperature was 2.076 3 kN,the peak tensile of the valve-cooled joint was 5.314 0 kN,the peak ten-sile of the joint cooled at room temperature was 2.411 1 kN and the peak tensile of the water-cooled joint was 2.024 0 kN.Thus,compared to clinching joints at room temperature,the shear strength of joints after heat treatment increased by 28.5%,and the valve-cooled joints had the best strength and the water-cooled joints had the worst strength under the three cooling methods.Through comparative analysis,it is determined that the joint of 22MnB5 steel heated to 700 C with aluminum only by heat conduction has the best strength for clinching plastic joint under valve cooling.KEY WORDS:steel/aluminum;dissimilar materials;hot clinching plastic connection;joint performance;tensile test 采用钢铝混合车身使结构轻量化已成为当代汽车厂商节能减排的主流手段1-4，而对于这两种高强度异种材料间的连接，传统无铆塑性连接工艺虽有应用，但在对接头性能要求较高的场合，当前工艺还无法满足需求。因此，研究开发钢/铝异种材料无铆塑性连接工艺以提高接头性能成为当前亟待解决的问题。目前，学者们对无铆连接的模具工艺参数、板材属性和成形接头的失效方式进行了许多研究。Lee 等5-6通过建立无铆冲压连接接头性能计算数值模型，反推出所需要的颈厚和自锁量，进而设计出模具的工艺参数。并对加热工况下钢、铝等不同质材料的预冲孔铆接进行了探索，验证了此类工艺方法在铆接成形中的实用性。Chen 等7-12探究了一种可用于软质金属的整形铆接工艺，该过程由平压、整形两步组成，相比常态铆接，此工艺的优势是接头凸起有效下降，颈厚值和嵌入值明显增大；另外，对铆接材料、板厚、摩擦因数等影响接头强度的参数也进行了较为细致的研究。李奇涵等13-15探究了板料搭接方式对无铆连接接头质量的影响，并对无铆连接数值模拟进行了研究。Abe 等16-18通过改变模具参数，实现了对超高强度、低塑性钢板的有效铆接，并比较了该工艺接头与点焊接头的抗剪切能力，明显得出机械铆接抗性更高的结论。同时，还将不同屈服强度的高强钢板分别和铝合金板进行机械压接，设计了控制金属流动的模具，并对凹模的形状进行了优化，最终成功地连接了高强钢板和铝合金板。韩善灵等19发明了针对镁合金板进行激光加热的自冲铆接设备。Reich 等20将激光辅助加热工艺应用于高强钢的无铆连接中，探究了钢加热后材料内部的属性变化，并对高强钢进行了较高速度的无铆连接，发现该工艺的缺点是接头强度有所损失。杨程等21-22对无铆连接模具参数进行了研究，并结合有限元模拟分析了成形接头在不同工况下的疲劳寿命。庄蔚敏等23-24提出了一种高强度钢铝异种