2022年医学专题—第08篇-Chapter6Blood血液(1).ppt

Chapter 6 Blood 血液(xuy),第一页，共三十三页。,Section 1 Body Fluid and Blood(体液与血液)Body fluid(体液):Fluid of existing in body人体内(t ni)的液体 Intracellular fluid 40%Blood plasma(血浆)4%Tissuefluid(组织液)15%Extracellular fluid 20%Lymph(淋巴)1%Cerebrospinal fluid(脑脊液),Body fluid,机体(jt)内环境,第二页，共三十三页。,1.Components of blood(血液(xuy)的基本组成),(1)Plasma(血浆)Water 水 Substance crystal(晶体(jngt)物质):inorganic phosphate(无机盐)5320mmHg Substance colloid(胶体物质)Others 其它,第三页，共三十三页。,Functions of plasma protein血浆蛋白(dnbi)的功能:,Albumin(白蛋白):Forming colloid osmotic pressure(形成胶体渗透压)Globulin(球蛋白):Taking part in body immunity and transport of some substances(参与机体免疫和某些物质的运输(ynsh)Fibrinogen(纤维蛋白原):Taking part in clotting(参与凝血),第四页，共三十三页。,(2)Blood cell 血细胞,Erythrocyte,or red blood cell,RBC(红细胞),modality(形态):Function：Transporting O2 and CO2 Cushioning pH(缓冲PH)Quantity:Male：5 1012/L Female:4.2 1012/L Lifespan and produce(寿命(shumng)与生成）,第五页，共三十三页。,Neural regulation神经调节(tioji):Sympathetic nerve(+)交感神经(+)Humoral regulation体液调节:Erythropoietin,EPO（促红细胞生成素）Accelerating system ahaemale progenitor of later period to differentiate and propagate.促进晚期红系祖细胞的分化、增殖 Accelerating young RBC to differentiate and propagate.加速幼RBC增殖,分化,第六页，共三十三页。,CFU-E 红系前体细胞red progenitor RBC,Blood oxygen partial pressure血氧分压,肾 主Kidney(main)肝 次Liver(secondary),第七页，共三十三页。,Androgen雄性激素 Stimulating bone marrow,promoting RBC 直接刺激骨髓，促进RBC生成 Promoting kidney to produce EPO 促进肾脏(shnzng)产生EPO,第八页，共三十三页。,Leukocyte,or white blood cell,WBC(白细胞)basophoil(嗜碱性(jin xn)颗粒细胞)0-1%granular cell eosinophil(嗜酸性颗粒细胞)1-4%Leukocyte 颗粒细胞 neutrophil(嗜中性颗粒细胞)50-70%白细胞 lymphocyte(淋巴细胞)20-40%no granular cell 无颗粒细胞 monocyte(单核细胞)1-7%Quantity:4-10 109/L,第九页，共三十三页。,Function of basophil 嗜碱性(jin xn)粒细胞功能：,Releasing heparin stimulating decomposition of blood fat 释放肝素 激活(j hu)血脂分解 Releasing histamine hypersensitive response 释放组织胺 过敏反应 Releasing eosinophile chemotactic factor A,限制(xinzh),(释放嗜酸性粒细胞趋化因子A),第十页，共三十三页。,Function of eosinophil 嗜酸性(sun xn)粒细胞功能：,Restricting hypersensitive response caused by basophil and fat cells.(限制嗜碱性粒细胞和肥大细胞引起的过敏反应.)Taking part in immune response for worm.(参与对蠕虫的免疫(miny)反应.),第十一页，共三十三页。,Function of neutrophil 中性(zhngxng)粒细胞功能：,Englobing and killing bacteria(吞噬、杀灭细菌)Clearing away immunity complex and necrosis tissue(清除免疫复合物及坏死(hui s)组织),第十二页，共三十三页。,Lymphocyte(淋巴细胞),T cell:Function of cell-mediated immunity 具有细胞免疫功能 Function of regulating other immunocyte 调节其他免疫细胞的功能B cell：Taking part in humoral immunity.参与体液免疫NK cell：Killing and wounding tumor cell.杀伤(shshng)肿瘤细胞,第十三页，共三十三页。,Mononuclear macrophage单核-巨噬细胞,Englobing and killing pathogenic microorganism in cell.(吞噬、消灭细胞内致病微生物)Releasing many kinds of cytotoxic,interferon(INF),interleukin(IL)and taking part in body defense.(释放多种细胞毒、干扰素和白细胞介素，参与机体防卫机制)Producing factors of promoting endothelial cell(内皮细胞)and smooth muscle cell.(产生促进(cjn)内皮细胞和平滑肌细胞的因子),第十四页，共三十三页。,Platelet or thrombocyte(血小板),Quantity：100-300（109个/L）Function:Keeping vessel wall completeness.维护血管壁完整性 Taking part in physiological hemostasis 参与(cny)生理止血（见后）,第十五页，共三十三页。,Section 2 Function of blood 血液(xuy)的机能,1.Function of carrying and integrating(运载作用(zuyng)和联系作用(zuyng)Water,Red blood cells,plasma protein,第十六页，共三十三页。,2.Keeping stability of internal environment(维持(wich)内环境的稳定)HL+Na HCO3 NaL+H2CO3H2CO3 H2O+CO2 Stimulus respiration OH-+H2CO3 HCO3-+H2O,第十七页，共三十三页。,3.Function of defense and protection(防御和保护(boh)作用),neutrophil 中性(zhngxng)粒细胞Phagocytosis 吞噬作用 monocyte 单核细胞 cellular immunity 细胞免疫 TImmunity humoral immunity 体液免疫 B,第十八页，共三十三页。,Section 3 Blood volume,Blood Transfusion and Blood Groups 血量 输血(sh xu)和血型,1.Blood volume(血量)Blood volume 血量：It is total of blood in body，7-8%of body weight,第十九页，共三十三页。,Preserving blood volume 血量的维持：Less blood loss 少量失血,20%，Clinical symptom(临床症状)The most blood loss 大失血 30%,Blood transfusion(输血),第二十页，共三十三页。,Recovery blood volume 血量的恢复(huf):Water,saltplasma protein blood cell 水,盐血浆蛋白血细胞,第二十一页，共三十三页。,2.Blood group(血型(xuxng),Agglutination(红细胞凝集):It is the a bunch of irregular cell agglutinates which is agglutinated by Red blood cell.(红细胞彼此凝集成一簇簇不规则的细胞团.)Rouleaux formation(红细胞叠连):The red blood cells which are attach hollow side to each other overlapped to accelerate blood sank.(红细胞彼此以凹面相贴,重叠在一起(yq)使血沉加速.),第二十二页，共三十三页。,Agglutinogen of red blood cells agglutinin of blood serum blood group 红细胞上的凝集原 血清(xuqng)中的凝集素 血型 A B A B A B AB AB AB O,第二十三页，共三十三页。,3.Principle of blood transfusion(输血(sh xu)原则),Red blood cell Red blood cell Blood donor Blood recipient 供血者 受血者 Blood serum血清(xuqng)Blood serum血清 Cross-match test(交叉配血实验),主侧,次侧,第二十四页，共三十三页。,Section4 Blood Coagulation and Fibrillarin Dissolution 血液(xuy)凝固和纤维蛋白溶解,1.Hemostasis mechanism of small blood vessel impairment小血管(xugun)损伤的生理止血机制,Hemostasis生理止血:It is a kind of phenomena that small blood vessel is impaired normally and after several minutes bleeding was stopped naturally.正常时小血管损伤(snshng)出血，经数分钟后出血自然停止的现象。Process：Small blood vessel contraction小血管收缩 Platelet thrombus血小板血栓 hematopexis血凝Fig 6-7,第二十五页，共三十三页。,2.Blood coagulation(血液(xuy)凝固)