2022
医学
专题
细胞
基本原理
应用
流式细胞术原理(yunl)及应用,For FCM Training,第一页,共一百四十三页。,流式细胞术,流式细胞术(Flow Cytometry,简称FCM)是一种可以快速、准确、客观(kgun),并且同时检测单个微粒(通常是细胞)的多项特性的技术,同时可以对特定群体加以分选研究对象为生物颗粒,如各种细胞、染色体、微生物、及人工合成微球等研究的微粒特性包括多种物理及生物学特征,并加以定量,第二页,共一百四十三页。,流式细胞仪系统(xtng),简介通过(tnggu)流式细胞仪我们可以得到以下信息-相对细胞大小-相对细胞颗粒密度和内部复杂度-染色过细胞的相对荧光强度,第三页,共一百四十三页。,第四页,共一百四十三页。,流式细胞仪的光信号(xnho),散射光信号(xnho)荧光信号,第五页,共一百四十三页。,1.散射光信号(xnho),前向角散射光(FSC,Forward Scatter)入射激光的同向散射光信号 细胞相 对大小及其表面积。侧向(c xin)角散射(SSC,Side Scatter)入射激光90角的散射光信号 细胞粒度及细胞内相对复杂性。,第六页,共一百四十三页。,前向角散射光 FSC,Forward Angle Light Scatter,第七页,共一百四十三页。,侧向(c xin)角散射光SSC,第八页,共一百四十三页。,散射光,散射光能被用来(yn li)区分不同细胞群体的基本形态上的差异-通常使用“散点图”来看散射光信号-散点图上的一个点就代表一个细胞颗粒的数据,第九页,共一百四十三页。,散点图Dot Plot,lysed whole blood,第十页,共一百四十三页。,Review Question,Dead cells are known to be smaller and to exhibit more internal complexity than live cells.Which of the populations on this plot would you expect to be dead?,A,B,第十一页,共一百四十三页。,2.荧光(ynggung)信号,荧光(ynggung)素吸收激光能量荧光素将吸收能量释放,转换为振动能和热能释放较入射光波长更长的光量子荧光素与特异抗体结合荧光抗体与细胞抗原结合越多,产生的荧光信号越强,第十二页,共一百四十三页。,荧光(ynggung)检测器,第十三页,共一百四十三页。,Two-Color Cell Analysis,Which of the three populations has the most Ab A binding sites?,Ab A,Ab B,第十四页,共一百四十三页。,双色荧光(ynggung)散点图,第十五页,共一百四十三页。,现代(xindi)流式细胞仪包括,液流系统(xtng)聚焦细胞以供检测光学系统 激发和收集光信号 电子系统 将光信号转化为电信号,并使其数字化以供计算机分析,第十六页,共一百四十三页。,液流系统(xtng),液流系统将样本悬液聚焦在光源(gungyun)的中心处,第十七页,共一百四十三页。,Sample Flow in Optical Cuvette,Sample,LaminarFlow,Low Sample Flow Rate12 mL/min,Sheath,Sheath,Sample,LaminarFlow,Sheath,Sheath,Optical Cuvette,High Sample Flow Rate60 mL/min,第十八页,共一百四十三页。,Review Question,Which of the following would cause disturbance in the laminar flow of the optical cuvette?bubblescellular concentrationsample flow rate,第十九页,共一百四十三页。,Optics,Excitation optics consist of:LasersLenses and mirrors that route the laser light to the fluidic streamCollection optics consist of:Filters that direct the signals to the appropriate optical detectors,第二十页,共一百四十三页。,Optical Filters,460 500 540,460 500 540,460 500 540,SP 500,LP 500,BP500/50,LongpassShortpassBandpass,第二十一页,共一百四十三页。,FACSCalibur光路图,第二十二页,共一百四十三页。,Optics,488 nm,635 nm,第二十三页,共一百四十三页。,Electronics,Converts analog signals to proportional digital signals Computes Height for each pulseCalculates width and area Interfaces with the computer for data transfer,第二十四页,共一百四十三页。,Creation of a Voltage Pulse-Analog Signal,第二十五页,共一百四十三页。,Quantification of a Voltage Pulse,Height is a measurement for all parameters.Width=Area/Height,第二十六页,共一百四十三页。,Effect of the Instrument Controls on the Data,Instrument Controls,Detector,FSC detector 250 gain,FSC detector 350 gain,第二十七页,共一百四十三页。,Review,Data Processing,第二十八页,共一百四十三页。,Review Questions,Which of the following fluorochromes cannot be used with the FACSCalibur?DAPI(ex.345 nm,emits 455 nm)Propidium Iodide(ex.536 nm,emits 617 nm)Alexa Fluor 647(ex.650 nm,emits 668 nm)What are the three measurements of a particle that can be determined by FACSCalibur?Briefly describe the functions of the fluidics,optics,and electronics systems.,第二十九页,共一百四十三页。,Review Questions,What would happen to the population below if you increased the Red parameter value in the Instrument controls?,第三十页,共一百四十三页。,Review Questions,Which instrument components ensure that the fluorescence signal of a specific fluorochrome is only measured by a designated detector?For example,APC is only measured by the FL4 detector.,第三十一页,共一百四十三页。,样本(yngbn)处理,第三十二页,共一百四十三页。,细胞(xbo)悬液的制备,细胞悬液:分离PBMC、PRP等:操作复杂,分离、离心步骤导致细胞特定群体丢失,并可能引入某些误差直接使用外周血、骨髓:最接近生理状况,操作简便,样本用血量小灌洗液、体腔积液培养细胞、细胞系实体组织(zzh):病理组织:新鲜样本/石蜡包埋样本针吸组织:新鲜样本鞘液、洗液等:清洁无颗粒杂质,第三十三页,共一百四十三页。,步骤一:选择合适的荧光(ynggung)染料,必须能够被流式细胞仪上所配备的激光器所激发(jf)激发的光谱必须在仪器上滤光片能够接受的合适范围内荧光素光谱的重叠应当尽量减少,第三十四页,共一百四十三页。,荧光产生(chnshng)过程,第三十五页,共一百四十三页。,Propidium Iodide,400 nm,500 nm,600 nm,700 nm,PI,DNA,Excitation,Emisson,300 nm 400 nm 500 nm 600 nm 700 nm,第三十六页,共一百四十三页。,Fluorescein(FITC),400 nm,500 nm,600 nm,700 nm,Wavelength,Protein,Excitation,Emisson,300 nm 400 nm 500 nm 600 nm 700 nm,第三十七页,共一百四十三页。,Excitation,Emisson,300 nm 400 nm 500 nm 600 nm 700 nm,Phycoerytherin(PE),Protein,第三十八页,共一百四十三页。,Allophycocyanin(APC),Protein,632.5 nm(HeNe),Excitation,Emisson,300 nm 400 nm 500 nm 600 nm 700 nm,第三十九页,共一百四十三页。,FITC和PE荧光(ynggung)光谱,第四十页,共一百四十三页。,补偿(bchng)模型图,第四十一页,共一百四十三页。,补偿(bchng)调节前后对比,FL1,FL2,第四十二页,共一百四十三页。,步骤(bzhu)二:染色,体积温度(wnd)孵育时间对照,第四十三页,共一百四十三页。,直接(zhji)染色,Fluorescent probe attached to antibodySpecific signal:weakNonspecific binding:low,第四十四页,共一百四十三页。,间接(jin ji)染色,Fluorescent probe attached to a 2nd antibodySpecific signal:strong,5-6 2nd Ab/each 1st Ab;Nonspecific binding:high,第四十五页,共一百四十三页。,Avidin-Biotin method I,biotinylated primary Ab,biotin,avidin,biotinylated dye,第四十六页,共一百四十三页。,示意图,第四十七页,共一百四十三页。,步骤(bzhu)三:数据收集和分析,画图寻找目标细胞调整仪器设置到合适的状态我们可以得到(d do)怎样的结果?它们意味着什么?,第四十八页,共一百四十三页。,仪器(yq)设置调节,1.用未染色(rns)细胞调整仪器PMT电压,2.用单染色(rns)的细胞调节仪器补偿,第四十九页,共一百四十三页。,关于(guny)同型对照,例:一个双色染色的实验 抗体A FITC,抗体B PE 对应(duyng)的同型对照是IgG1 FITC,IgG1 PE那么需要准备的是阴性对照:细胞加上IgG1 FITC,IgG1 PE单阳性对照:FITC:细胞加上Ab A FITC,IgG1 PE PE:细胞加上Ab B PE,IgG1 FITC,第五十页,共一百四十三页。,数据分析,设门设定阴性与阳