农药中毒农药中毒PesticideintoxicantPesticideintoxicant第一页，共一百二十九页。概述•农药（pesticide）：指农业生产中用于消灭、控制有害动植物（害虫、病菌、鼠类、杂草等）和调节植物生长(shēngzhǎng)的各种药物。第二页，共一百二十九页。Whatisapesticide?•Apesticideisanysubstanceormixtureofsubstancesintendedfor:preventing,destroying,repelling,ormitigatinganypest.•Thoughoftenmisunderstoodtoreferonlytoinsecticides,thetermpesticidealsoappliestoherbicides,fungicides,andvariousothersubstancesusedtocontrolpests.第三页，共一百二十九页。Acutetoxicity•Acutetoxicityofapesticidereferstotheeffectsfromasingleexposureorrepeatedexposureoverashorttime,suchasanaccidentduringmixingorapplyingpesticides.Varioussignsandsymptomsareassociatedwithacutepoisonings.•Apesticidewithahighacutetoxicitycanbedeadlyevenifasmallamountisabsorbed.Itcanbemeasuredasacuteoraltoxicity,acutedermaltoxicityoracuteinhalationtoxicity.第四页，共一百二十九页。chronicpoisoningeffects•Carcinogenicity--abilitytoproducecancerortoassistcarcinogenicchemicals.•Mutagenicity--abilitytocausegeneticchanges.•Teratogenicity--abilitytocausebirthdefects.•Oncogenicity--abilitytoinducetumorgrowth(notnecessarilycancers).•Liverdamage--deathoflivercells,jaundice(yellowingoftheskin),fibrosisandcirrhosis.•Reproductivedisorders--suchasreducedspermcount,sterility,andmiscarriage.•Nervedamage--includingaccumulativeeffectsoncholinesterasedepressionassociatedwithorganophosphateinsecticides.•Allergenicsensitization--developmentofallergiestopesticidesorchemicalsusedinformulationofpesticides.第五页，共一百二十九页。•急性中毒中，农药居首位，有机磷占大多数，其中(qízhōng)剧毒的甲胺磷和1605中毒占有机磷中毒大的60％。•分类：⑴用途：杀虫剂、杀菌剂、除草剂、植物生长调节剂和杀鼠剂。⑵化学结构：有机磷类、有机氯类、有机氮类、有机硫类、砷制剂、氨基甲酸脂类、拟除虫菊脂类第六页，共一百二十九页。毒性(dúxìnɡ)•一、剧毒(jùdú)类甲拌磷、内吸磷•二、高毒类敌敌畏、氧化乐果、•三、中度毒类乐果、敌百虫•四、低毒类马拉硫磷等。第七页，共一百二十九页。...
