2022年医学专题—细胞的呼吸(Cellular-Respiration)(1).ppt

What happens to Glucose made in Photosynthesis?,What is the chemical formula for glucose?C6H12O6Remember the formula that shows glucose sugar is made by plants during photosynthesis:6 CO2+6 H2O C6H12O6+6 O2 sunlightGlucose molecules contain a lot of Energy in chemical bonds holding the carbon,hydrogen,and oxygen together.We can think of glucose made in photosynthesis as a“Bank”for energy storage(but it cant be directly used)The big question is:How can we get the energy out of glucose(out of the bank)so it can be USED by cells?,第一页，共十三页。,THE ENERGY CAN BE REMOVED IN ONE OF TWO WAYS.,Which way depends on whether there is _ present.Energy Removal Method#1:Aerobic Cellular Respiration(using oxygen)Energy Removal Method#2:Anaerobic Respiration(Fermentation)(no oxygen present),oxygen,第二页，共十三页。,Aerobic Cellular Respiration,Formula:C6H12O6+6 O2 6 CO2+6 H2O+ATP energyThe process of converting food energy into ATP energy,used by all living organisms.The process of aerobic cellular respiration takes place in organelles called _.Mitochondria _.Why not break down glucose directly for energy?Glucose 90 times more energy than 1 ATP.But,if cells broke down glucose for energy,too much energy would be released and the rest would be wasted as heat.,Mitochondria,Absorb glucose and turn it into ATP,第三页，共十三页。,What is ATP?,Adenosine Triphosphate5-Carbon sugar(Ribose)Nitrogenous base(Adenine)3 Phosphate groupsEnergy currency for living cellsThe chemical bonds that link the phosphate groups together are high energy bondsWhen a phosphate group is removed to form ADP and P,a small packet of energy is released(just enough for cellular activities),第四页，共十三页。,ATP is used to _.,Move muscles,send signals through your brain,digest your foodSynthesize molecules for growth and reproductionMove materials in and out of cellsAs ATP is broken down,it gives off usable energy to power chemical work and some nonuseable energy as heat.,第五页，共十三页。,Mitochondria are called the,“Powerhouses of the Cell”because they produce so much useful energy!There are _ of mitochondria in each cell:Aerobic Respiration produces _ of ATP energy.With lots of ATP,you can grow a _ and _.A large body is made of many cells(multicellular)that need lots of energy to“talk”to each other.,dozens,LOTS,large body,move very fast,1 glucose 36/38 ATP,第六页，共十三页。,Aerobic Cellular Respiration,This method requires _-its why we need to breathe it in.If we exercise _,we force our body to do cell respiration faster than it really can,so we go into“_”and have to _ to get oxygen into our bodies ASAP!,oxygen,too fast,Oxygen Debt,pant,第七页，共十三页。,Energy Removal Method#2:Anaerobic Respiration(Fermentation)(no oxygen),If oxygen is missing,(ex _).The energy in glucose can be turned into a _ in the cytoplasm of some cells.Without oxygen and so little ATP,these organisms can only make enough energy to power a _(a very small,single-celled body,like bacteria)_ or become multicellular because they dont have enough _ to allow many cells to“talk”to each other in one body.Many of these organisms _ Anaerobic respiration is the only way they canget any energy.,In mud at bottom of pond,your intestines,A small amount of ATP(1glucose 2 ATP),Unicellular body,Anaerobes cant move fast,energy,dont even have mitochondria(occurs in cytoplasm),第八页，共十三页。,Anaerobic Respiration:Uses of Fermentation by People,Production of Yogurt:Bacteria ferment milk and produce lactic acid which curdles the milk.Production of Alcoholic beverages:Yeast ferment sugars to produce ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide.Production of Bread:These can be called Lactic Acid or Alcoholic fermentation.,第九页，共十三页。,Lactic Acid Fermentation in Human Muscle Cells,When exercising vigorously,you may not get enough oxygen to your muscle cells.Your muscle cells will begin to produce ATP energy by which method?Anaerobic Respiration(no oxygen)What happens in your muscle cells?Produces lactic acid,causes pain and soreness,oxygen debtThis is called _.How is this repaid?Breathing in oxygen will allow cells to build up ATP,get rid of lactic acid and turn it back into glucose.,Lactic Acid Fermentation,第十页，共十三页。,SUMMARY,Glucose must be turned into _ to allow cells to _.ATP can be produced in _:1._-Produces _ of ATP.Made in _,Requires _.(breathing)2._-Produces _ ATPMade in the _,Makes some _ for us.,ATP,Use the energy in glucose,One of Two Ways,Aerobic Cellular Respiration,LOTS,Mitochondria,oxygen,Anaerobic Respiration(Fermentation),little,cytoplasm,Foods(bread,alcohol),dextrose,第十一页，共十三页。,Extra,Photosynthesis removes carbon dioxide from atmosphere,and cellular repiration puts it back.Three products of light-dependent reactions:ATP,NADPH and O2.Vein:transport H2O and nutrient.,第十二页，共十三页。,内容(nirng)总结,What happens to Glucose made in Photosynthesis。5-Carbon sugar(Ribose)。Anaerobic Respiration(Fermentation)。Foods(bread,alcohol)。Extra,第十三页，共十三页。,