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闭合
复位
空心
固定
治疗
踝关节
骨折
患者
效果
评价
沈雄海
-1-Chinese and Foreign Medical Research Vol.21,No.11 April,2023中外医学研究第 21 卷 第 11 期(总第 559 期)2023 年 4月论著 Lunzhu华侨大学附属厦门长庚医院福建厦门361000通信作者:郑立槟闭合复位经皮空心钉固定治疗单纯外踝关节骨折患者的效果评价 沈雄海宋明陈金武郑立槟【摘要】目的:探究闭合复位经皮空心钉固定在单纯外踝关节骨折患者治疗中的应用价值。方法:选取华侨大学附属厦门长庚医院 2020 年 1 月2022 年 1 月收治的 59 例单纯外踝关节骨折患者,根据随机数表法分为闭合组(n=30)和传统组(n=29)。闭合组实施闭合复位经皮空心钉固定术,传统组实施传统切开复位固定术,术后两组均给予常规处理。对比两组围手术期指标、并发症发生情况、血流动力学指标、体液免疫功能及疼痛评分 视觉模拟评分法(VAS)、踝关节功能评分 Marland 足部功能量表(MFS)。结果:闭合组术中出血量少于传统组,手术时间、住院时间、骨折愈合时间短于传统组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);术后 7 d,两组的舒张期峰值流速(DPV)、收缩期峰值流速(SPV)、阻力指数(RI)较术前改善,且闭合组改善幅度大于传统组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);术后 7 d,两组的免疫球蛋白 A(IgA)、免疫球蛋白 M(IgM)、免疫球蛋白 G(IgG)水平较术前下降,但闭合组高于传统组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);随访期间两组无脱落病例,术后 6 个月,两组 VAS 评分、MFS 评分较术前改善,且闭合组改善幅度大于传统组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:闭合复位经皮空心钉固定术治疗单纯外踝关节骨折患者能优化手术路径,改善血流动力学指标,减轻免疫功能损害,有助于骨折断端愈合,减轻疼痛,恢复患者踝关节功能,且不增加并发症发生率。【关键词】外踝关节骨折经皮空心钉固定血流动力学免疫功能踝关节功能doi:10.14033/ki.cfmr.2023.11.001 文献标识码A 文章编号1674-6805(2023)11-0001-05Evaluation of Closed Reduction and Percutaneous Cannulated Nail Fixation in the Treatment of Simple External Ankle Fracture/SHEN Xionghai,SONG Ming,CHEN Jinwu,ZHENG Libin./Chinese and Foreign Medical Research,2023,21(11):1-5AbstractObjective:To explore the application value of closed reduction and percutaneous cannulated nail fixation in the treatment of simple external ankle fracture.Method:A total of 59 patients with simple external ankle fracture admitted to Xiamen Changgeng Hospital Affiliated to Huaqiao University from January 2020 to January 2022 were divided into closed group(n=30)and traditional group(n=29)by random number table method.The closed group was treated with closed reduction and percutaneous cannulated nail fixation,while the traditional group was treated with traditional open reduction and fixation.After surgery,both groups were given routine treatment.Perioperative indicators,complications,hemodynamics,humoral immune function,and pain scores visual analogue scale(VAS),and ankle joint function scores Marland foot function scale(MFS)were compared between the two groups.Result:The amount of intraoperative bleeding in the closed group was less than that in the traditional group,and the operative time,hospitalization time,and fracture healing time in the closed group were shorter than those in the traditional group,the differences were statistically significant(P0.05).At 7 d after surgery,the diastolic peak velocity(DPV),systolic peak velocity(SPV),and resistance index(RI)of the two groups were improved compared to those before surgery,and the improvement in the closed group were greater than those in the traditional group,the differences were statistically significant(P0.05).At 7 d after surgery,the levels of immunoglobulin A(IgA),immunoglobulin M(IgM),and immunoglobulin G(IgG)of the two groups were decreased compared to those before surgery,but the closed group were higher than those in the traditional group,the differences were statistically significant(P0.05).During the follow-up period,there were no cases of shedding in the two groups.At 6 months after surgery,the VAS scores and MFS scores in the two groups were improved compared to those before surgery,and the improvement range in the closed group were greater than those in the traditional group,the differences were statistically significant(P0.05),有可比性。患者签署知情同意书,本研究经医院医学伦理委员会审核批准。1.2方法术前准备:患者入院后完成血常规、血型、影像等相关检测;由同一手术团队于无菌环境完成手术操作;患者仰卧给予硬膜外麻醉,垫高患肢常规消毒铺巾。闭合组采用闭合复位经皮空心钉固定术,具体操作:经 C 型臂 X 线探查骨折情况,以手法进行复位,恢复胫骨长度和解剖关系,复位钳固定;确认复位满意,于骨折断端处行约 2 cm 切口,置入克氏针临时固定,然后以空心螺钉、拉力螺钉固定;若骨折断端出现旋转,则牵引及旋转调整骨折,必要时使用巾钳辅助复位;透视再次确认骨折复位后予克氏针临时固定,再用空心螺钉固定,退出克氏针,透视确认骨折复位良好,关节面平整,检查踝关节稳定,冲洗术区,逐层缝合切口。传统组采用传统切开复位固定术,具体操作:于患肢外侧行 10 cm 切口,依次分离皮肤及皮下组织,充分暴露外踝;清除血肿,复位骨折断端,以解剖钢板固定骨折外侧,C 臂机确认复位良好,检查踝关节稳定,清理术区,逐层缝合切口。术后两组均予以常规抗感染处理,切口定期更换药物。两组均随访至术后 6 个月。1.3观察指标及评价标准(1)围手术期指标,包括手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间、骨折愈合时间。(2)并发症发生情况,统计切口感染、螺钉松动、下肢血栓、排异反应总发生率。(3)血流动力学,术前及术后 7 d 采用 Doppler-Box 型超声多普勒血流分析仪(德国科尔麦,批准文号 20193072370)检测患肢足背动脉舒张期峰值流速(DPV)、收缩期峰值流速(SPV)、阻力指数(RI)。(4)体液免疫功能,术前及术后 7 d采集静脉血 5 mL,常温静置 30 min,离心取上层血清置于-70 恒温箱待检。以免疫透射比浊法检测血清免疫球蛋白 A(IgA)、免疫球蛋白 M(IgM)、免疫球蛋白 G(IgG),由本院检验科高年资检验师按照试剂盒(品牌:四川迈克生物)说明书完成检测。(5)疼痛程度、踝关节功能,术前及术后 6 个月,以视觉模拟评估量表(VAS)评估疼痛程度,010 分,得分越低表示疼痛越轻4;以 Marland 足部功能量表(MFS)评估踝关节功能,包括疼痛、功能、外观及活动度,0100 分,评分越高表示踝关节功能越好5。1.4统计学处理采用 SPSS 22.0 对数据进行分析,计量资料以(x-s)表示,采用 t 检验,计数资料以率(%)表示,采用 2检验,以 P0.05 为差异有统计学意义。2结果2.1两组围手术期指标比较闭合组术中出血量少于传统组,手术时间、住-3-Chinese and Foreign Medical Research Vol.21,No.11 April,2023中外医学研究第 21 卷 第 11 期(总第 559 期)2023 年 4月论著 Lunzhu院时间、骨折愈合时间短于传统组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),见表 2。2.3两组术前、术后 7 d 血流动力学指标比较术后 7 d,两组足背动脉 DPV、SPV、RI 均较术前改善,且闭合组改善幅度大于传统组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),见表 3。2.4两组术前、术后 7 d 体液免疫功能比较术后 7 d,两组 IgA、IgM、IgG 水平较术前下降,但闭合组降低幅度小于传统组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),见表 4。2.5两组术前、术后 6 个月 VAS 评分、MFS 评分比较随访期间两组无脱落病例,术后 6 个月,两组 VAS 评分、MFS 评分较术前改善,且闭合组改善幅度大于传统组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),见表 5。表1两组围手术期指标比较(x-s)组别手术时间(min)术中出血量(mL)住院时间(d)骨折愈合时间(周)闭合组(n=30)45.386.2418.734.3611.282.4910.192.31传统组(n=29)63.957.7949.355.8315.762.8513.592.46t 值10.12322.898 6.436 5.475P 值0.0010.0010.0010.001表2两组并发症发生情况比较例(%)组别切口感染螺钉松动下