白令海与楚科奇海鱼类营养级与营养生态位_付树森.pdf

2023,31(4):22521,pages 110 doi:10.17520/biods.2022521 收稿日期:2022-09-11;接受日期:2022-12-24 基金项目:国家自然科学基金(41876176)、自然资源部第三海洋研究所基本科研业务费专项基金(海三科2016011)和极地考察业务化与科研(CHINARE20122020)*通讯作者 Author for correspondence.E-mail: https:/www.biodiversity-白令海与楚科奇海鱼类营养级与营养生态位 付树森1,2,宋普庆2,李渊1,2,李袁源2,张然2,张琥顺1,王芮2,林龙山1,2*1.上海海洋大学海洋科学学院,上海 201306;2.自然资源部第三海洋研究所,福建厦门 361005 摘要:受气候变暖的影响,北极海洋生态系统的内部结构正发生改变,其稳定性面临前所未有的挑战。鱼类作为北极海洋食物网中营养传输与转运的重要枢纽,了解其摄食习性以及种间营养关系是掌握食物网结构与功能变化的关键。本文基于中国第6次(2014年)和第811次(20172020年)北极科学考察拖网调查所获得的鱼类样品,利用稳定同位素技术对白令海与楚科奇海(Bering SeaChukchi Sea)海域鱼类稳定同位素比值大小、营养级范围和营养生态位宽幅与重叠进行了分析。结果表明,共捕获鱼类8科21属29种,所有鱼类样品的13C均值为19.36(23.88至15.78),15N均值为16.16(11.8020.37),营养级范围为2.424.62,均值为3.74。营养生态位结果显示,基本每种鱼类的营养生态位都与其他几种鱼类存在一定程度的重叠,但多数物种间并无完全重叠,保持一定的独特性。白令海北鳕(Boreogadus saida)校正后的标准椭圆面积(corrected standard ellipse area,SEAc)最大(SEAc=5.51);大西洋钩杜父鱼(Artediellus atlanticus)的营养生态位宽幅最小(SEAc=0.85)。本研究可为进一步研究北极海洋食物网结构以及深入分析北极海洋生态系统对气候变化的响应提供营养生态学基础。关键词:白令海;楚科奇海;稳定同位素;鱼类;营养级;营养生态位 付树森,宋普庆,李渊,李袁源,张然,张琥顺,王芮,林龙山(2023)白令海与楚科奇海鱼类营养级与营养生态位.生物多样性,31,22521.doi:10.17520/biods.2022521.Fu SS,Song PQ,Li Y,Li YY,Zhang R,Zhang HS,Wang R,Lin LS(2023)Trophic levels and trophic niches of fish from the Bering Sea and Chukchi Sea.Biodiversity Science,31,22521.doi:10.17520/biods.2022521.Trophic levels and trophic niches of fish from the Bering Sea and Chukchi Sea Shusen Fu1,2,Puqing Song2,Yuan Li1,2,Yuanyuan Li2,Ran Zhang2,Hushun Zhang1,Rui Wang2,Longshan Lin1,2*1 College of Marine Sciences,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306 2 Third Institute of Oceanography,Ministry of Natural Resources,Xiamen,Fujian 361005 ABSTRACT Aims:The internal structure of the Arctic marine ecosystem is changing and its stability is facing unprecedented challenges due to the influences of climate warming.Since fish are important resources for nutrient transport and transfer in Arctic marine food webs,understanding their feeding habits and interspecific trophic relationships is the key to grasping the changes occurring in the Arctic food web structure and function.This study was carried out to obtain basic biological information about fish in the Bering Sea and Chukchi Sea,as well as to provide reference for subsequent studies on trophic ecology.Methods:We analyzed the stable isotope ratio,trophic level range and trophic niche width and overlap of fish from the Bering Sea and Chukchi Sea using stable isotope techniques based on fish samples obtained from the 6th(2014)and 8th to 11th(20172020)Arctic scientific expedition trawl surveys by China.Results:A total of 29 species of 8 families and 21 genera of fish were captured,and the mean 13C value of all fish samples was 19.36(23.88 to 15.78),the mean value of the 15N value was 16.16(11.8020.37),and the total trophic levels ranged from 2.42 to 4.62,with a mean value of 3.74.The results of the trophic niches indicated that each fish species had some degree of overlap with several other species,but most species did not overlap completely with each other and maintained some singularity.Boreogadus saida had the largest corrected standard 研究报告 付树森等:白令海与楚科奇海鱼类营养级与营养生态位 2023年|31卷|4期|22521|第2页 ellipse area(SEAc=5.51);Artediellus atlanticus had the smallest width of the trophic niche(SEAc=0.85).Conclusion:This present study provides basic background information on the trophic ecology in Arctic seas for further study of the food web structure and an in-depth analysis of the response of Arctic marine ecosystems to climate change.Key words:Bering Sea;Chukchi Sea;stable isotope;fish;trophic level;trophic niche 进入21世纪以来,以全球变暖为代表的气候变化问题成为研究者们关注的焦点(陈嘉哲等,2020),而常年被冰雪覆盖、处于极端环境中的北极地区对全球气候变化响应更为敏感,其平均气温的升高幅度是全球的两倍之多(Serreze&Francis,2006;Holmes et al,2012;NSIDC,2018)。气候变暖引起的海冰覆盖面积减少和海水温度升高等问题正悄悄地改变着北极海洋食物网的结构、功能以及物种间的营养关系,进而影响整个北极海洋生态系统的稳定性(Whitehouse et al,2017;陈建芳等,2018;王慧等,2020)。白令海与楚科奇海是连接太平洋与北冰洋的唯一通道,其生态系统对气候变化的响应与反馈同样十分剧烈,是北极地区受气候变化影响的真实写照(NSIDC,2018;余兴光等,2018),也是研究气候环境生物相互影响、相互作用的绝佳场所。营养级表征了生物在生态系统中的营养位置,揭示了生态系统的营养结构组成(韩东燕等,2016;宁加佳等,2016),是食物网营养结构研究中不可分割的一部分(高世科等,2021)。营养生态位是生态环境中生物体之间营养相互作用的体现,由生物间的捕食和竞争关系形成(Leibold,1995)。鱼类作为海洋食物网的重要组成部分,是上下水层营养物质转移和能量流通的重要枢纽,也是中上层群落与底栖群落连接的重要节点,具有复杂的捕食被捕食以及竞争关系。充分了解和掌握北极鱼类在食物网中的营养位置和营养关系,有利于揭示北极海洋生态系统或群落的营养格局和结构组成特征,进而对于解析北极海洋生态系统对气候变化的响应具有重要意义。本研究运用稳定同位素技术分析了北极地区白令海与楚科奇海海域主要鱼类的碳氮稳定同位素特征,计算其在食物网中所处的营养位置,比较了种间营养生态位的差异,以期科学评估该海域主要鱼类在食物网中所处的营养位置以及种间营养关系,研究结果可为今后北极海洋生态系统研究提供营养动力学基础。1.1 样品采集与鉴定 鱼类调查数据和样品来源于我国第6次(2014年)和第811次(20172020年)北极科学考察,调查海域为白令海与楚科奇海(5779 N,155至179 E),共布设了56个调查站点(图1)。北极鱼类调查采样网具为三角底拖网(宽2.2 m,高0.65 m,长6.5 m,囊网网目20 mm),拖网船速约为3 kn,拖网时间为1033 min。样品捕获后立即在20冷冻保存,带回实验室进行鉴定和测量。鱼类鉴定参考Fishes of Alaska(Mecklenburg et al,2002)、Pacific Arctic Marine Fishes(Mecklenburg et al,2016),系统分类与命名主要依据Fishes of the World,5th edn.(Nelson et al,2016)和拉汉世界鱼类系统名典(伍汉霖等,2017)。共捕获鱼类8科21属29种(表1),测定碳、氮稳定同位素样品401个,其中鳕科共4种129尾,鲽科共3种64尾,杜父鱼科共9种118尾,绵鳚科共8种51尾,线鳚科共2种28尾,八角鱼科共1种3尾,狮子鱼科共1种5尾,玉筋鱼科共1种3尾。图1 北极科学考察鱼类调查站位图 Fig.1 Surveyed stations of fishes in the Chinese Arctic Research Expedition 1 材料与方法 付树森等:白令海与楚科奇海鱼类营养级与营养生态位 2023年