基于服务网络的高铁快运基地选址及规模优化方法_马春山.pdf

第 20 卷 第 2 期2023 年 2 月铁道科学与工程学报Journal of Railway Science and EngineeringVolume 20 Number 2February 2023基于服务网络的高铁快运基地选址及规模优化方法马春山1，廖正文2(1.北京交通大学 经济管理学院，北京 100044；2.北京交通大学 轨道交通控制与安全国家重点实验室，北京 100044)摘要：我国“八纵八横”高速铁路网络逐步形成，为高铁快运带来了新的发展基础和优势，合理的高铁快运基地选址对提升高铁快运服务水平、增加运输收入具有重要意义。在考虑高铁快运运输组织特点的基础上，通过服务网络刻画与高铁快运基地选址相关的列车开行方案和货流分配要素。在给定货流需求的条件下，考虑基地建设成本和运营成本、列车运行固定成本和可变成本，以及高铁快运收入，以铁路企业收益最大化为目标，以基地作业能力、列车流平衡、货流平衡和列车装载能力等为约束条件，构建基于服务网络的高铁快运基地选址及规模优化整数规划模型，采用一种启发式迭代算法框架进行求解。最后以某区域高铁快运网络为例，在34个节点中选取1个节点新建大规模基地、3个节点新建中规模基地、1个节点新建小规模基地、3个节点改建小规模基地，并给出在这些基地间开行的15列高铁快运动车组开行方案，验证高铁快运基地选址及规模优化方法的有效性。通过灵敏度分析探讨运价和货流需求对选址方案的影响。研究结果表明：高铁快运的运费率在1.82.4元/(tkm)之间波动时会影响高铁快运基地的选址和规模；而在当前货流结构不变的条件下，货流需求分别达到当前的20%，40%和60%时，应分别考虑建设小、中、大规模高铁快运基地。为实际应用中合理确定运价提供了理论依据。关键词：铁路运输；高铁快运；服务网络；选址中图分类号：U294.1 文献标志码：A 开放科学(资源服务)标识码(OSID)文章编号：1672-7029（2023）02-0463-10An optimization method of high-speed rail express base location selection and scale based on service networkMA Chunshan1,LIAO Zhengwen2(1.School of Economics and Management,Beijing Jiaotong University,Beijing 100044,China;2.State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety,Beijing Jiaotong University,Beijing 100044,China)Abstract:The gradual formation of Chinas“eight vertical and eight horizontal”high-speed railway networks has brought new development foundations and advantages to high-speed rail express transport.The reasonable locations of the high-speed rail express transport bases are of great significance to improve the service level of high-speed rail express transport and increase transport revenue.On the basis of considering the organizational 收稿日期：2022-10-12基金项目：中国国家铁路集团有限公司科技研究开发计划项目(K2021X001)通信作者：廖正文(1992)，男，广东韶关人，博士，从事铁路运输组织优化研究；Email：DOI:10.19713/ki.43-1423/u.T20221977铁 道 科 学 与 工 程 学 报2023 年 2月characteristics of high-speed rail express transport,the train operation plan and cargo flow distribution elements related to the location of the high-speed rail express transport through the service network were described.The base facility construction costs and operating costs,the fixed and variable costs of train operation,and the income of high-speed rail express transport were considered under the condition of given cargo flow demand.With the goal of maximizing the income of railway enterprises,the operating capacity of the bases,the balance of train flow,the balance of cargo flow,and the loading capacity of trains were taken as the constraints.An integer programming model for high-speed rail express transport base location and scale optimization based on the service network was built,and a heuristic iterative algorithm framework was proposed to solve the location schemes of high-speed rail express transport bases.Finally,a high-speed rail express transport network in a certain region was taken as an example.Among the 34 nodes,1 node was selected to build a large-scale base,3 nodes to build a medium-scale base,1 node to build a small-scale base,and 3 nodes to rebuild a small-scale base.A train operation plan with 15 trains was given based on the node selection.The plan for the operation of the high-speed rail express train group verified the effectiveness of the location selection and scale optimization method of the high-speed rail express transport base.The influence of freight rate and cargo flow demand on the site selection scheme was discussed and analyzed.The results show that the node selection and scale of the high-speed rail express transport base are affected when the freight rate of HSR express transport fluctuates between 1.8 and 2.4 yuan/(tkm).Under the condition that the current cargo flow structure remains unchanged when the cargo flow demand reaches 20%,40%,and 60%of the current one,the construction of small,medium,and large-scale high-speed rail express transport bases should be considered respectively.This paper could also provide the theoretical basis for the reasonable determination of the freight rate in practical applications.Key words:railway transportation;high-speed rail express;service network;location selection 高铁快运是一种利用高速铁路网运输能力开展的高附加值物流运输服务。由于高铁快运是我国高速铁路初步成网运行后提出的新型物流模式，早期的高速铁路车站多未为高铁快运作业设计专用的设施，高铁动车组也未考虑高铁快运的运输条件，目前主要采用载客动车组上的有限空间或高铁确认车开展捎带运输，作业量和作业效率受到严重制约。为了进一步扩大高铁快运运营规模，提升高铁快运业务的专业性，未来将利用时速350 km/h的货运动车组开展高铁快运业务1。货运动车组装卸作业时间长、作业量大，为避免与旅客乘降作业干扰，其始发终到作业均应在高铁快运基地进行，因此在新建高速铁路线路时应统筹规划配置专用的高铁快运基地，以支撑未来大规模开行大批量整列高铁货运动车组列车的需要。在新建高铁线路上，一方面可以根据线路的走向和用地情况从无到有地规划和设计高铁快运基地，另一方面可以利用高速铁路枢纽内原有的设施设备改建成为高铁快运基地。基地的选址和建设规模将直接影响线路建成投产后的高铁快运列车开行方案，进而影响高铁快运的运营收益。为此，应在线路的规划和设计阶段，根据投资成本、运营成本、预测货运量、潜在货运收入等因素，合理确定高铁快运基地的选址和规模，以提升高铁快运未来预期效益。高铁快运基地的选址和规模确定问题是一类运输基础设施的选址问题，国内外学者针对运输基础设施的选址问题开展了大量的研究。一般的选址问题主要采用的是基于网络流的混合整数规划模型和算法，通常以总费用最小或总时间最短为目标。例如，王保华等2在不确定环境下建立了物流中心选址的随机优化模型，并采用遗憾模型的形式构建了相关问题的鲁棒优化模型。SUN等3建立了一个双层规划模型来寻找物流配送中心的最佳位置。赵娟等4在集装箱货源分布和流量流向已知的情况下，通过构建以铁路集装箱作业成本最小为目标的整数规划模型研究464第 2 期马春山，等：基于服务网络的高铁快运基地选址及规模优化方法集装箱办理站的布局问题。KLOSE等5构建基于网络流的整数规划模型。在高铁快运基地选址方面，部分研究针对高铁快运业务的辐射范围、潜在需求与收益等特点，对高铁快运服务网络的宏观网络节点布局进行了研究，如李国旗等6建立了基于总费用最小的覆盖范围限制选址模型；周凌云等7设计了高铁快运基地载体城市布局评价体系，构建