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基于
二维
三维
生态
足迹
城市群
自然
资本
持续性
分析
盛若愚
基于二维和三维生态足迹的长三角城市群自然资本可持续性分析盛若愚,纪荣婷,陈苏娟,蔡金傍,陈梅,赵志强,刘臣炜,苏良湖,曾远*生态环境部南京环境科学研究所摘要城镇化和工业化进程的不断推进给城市群自然资本及其可持续利用带来较大的威胁。为明确城市群建设过程中自然资本可持续性变化特征,以长三角城市群为研究对象,采用二维和三维生态足迹评价模型,同时添加水资源账户对原模型进行改进以反映长三角地区水资源潜力与压力,研究分析了 20052019 年长三角城市群生态足迹、生态压力指数和生态协调指数变化、自然资本存量消耗和自然资本流量占用情况及其影响因素与作用机制。结果表明:1)研究期间,长三角城市群人均生态足迹和生态承载力分别为 4.46 和 1.59 hm2/人,平均人均生态赤字为 2.87 hm2/人,但万元 GDP 生态足迹不断下降,资源利用率不断上升;2)20052019 年,长三角城市群生态压力指数由 2.48 升至 3.25,生态协调指数由 1.30 变为 1.25;3)基于改进三维生态足迹模型发现,长三角城市群资本存量利用程度越来越大,且对自然资本流量的更新起到较大抑制作用,2019 年研究区自然资本存量的消耗量是资本流量占有量的 2.26 倍;4)影响因子分析表明,工业产值、能源消耗总量、建筑用地面积和城镇化率对生态足迹起到了正向促进作用,对自然资本的可持续性产生了较大压力。关键词长三角城市群;足迹深度;足迹广度;三维生态足迹模型;自然资本可持续性;影响因素中图分类号:X826 文章编号:1674-991X(2023)02-0817-10doi:10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20220178Analysis of natural capital sustainability of the Yangtze River Delta urbanagglomeration based on two-dimensional and three-dimensional ecologicalfootprint modelsSHENG Ruoyu,JI Rongting,CHEN Sujuan,CAI Jinbang,CHEN Mei,ZHAO Zhiqiang,LIU Chenwei,SU Lianghu,ZENG Yuan*Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences,Ministry of Ecology and EnvironmentAbstractThe continuous advancement of urbanization and industrialization has greatly threatened the naturalcapital and its sustainable utilization in urban agglomeration.In order to clarify the characteristics of natural capitalsustainability changes during the construction process of urban agglomerations,taking the Yangtze River Deltaurban agglomerations as an example,two-dimensional and three-dimensional ecological footprint models wereapplied to analyze the change of ecological footprint,ecological pressure index(EPI)and ecological economiccoordination index(EECI),the natural capital stock consumption and natural capital flow occupancy,as well as theinfluencing factors and its related mechanisms,by adding the water resources account to the adapted ecologicalfootprint model to reflect the water resource potential and demand in this area.The results showed that during thestudy period,the per capita ecological footprint and ecological carrying capacity of the Yangtze River Delta urbanagglomeration were 4.46 hm2/person and 1.59 hm2/person,respectively;and the average per capita ecological deficitwas 2.87 hm2/person;however,the ecological footprint per unit GDP continued to decline,indicating that theutilization rate of resources continued to rise.From 2005 to 2019,the EPI value of the Yangtze River Delta urbanagglomeration increased from 2.48 to 3.25,and the EECI value fell from 1.30 to 1.25.Based on the revised three-dimensional ecological footprint model,it was found that the use of natural capital stock in the Yangtze River Delta 收稿日期:2022-02-25基金项目:“长三角生态环境保护一体化”研究院项目(ZX2022QT043);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(GYZX220306,GYZX210101)作者简介:盛若愚(1994),女,硕士,主要从事水污染防治和生态文明创建研究,*责任作者:曾远(1977),男,高级工程师,硕士,主要从事生态文明市县创建、区域绿色发展、生态环境保护研究, Vol.13,No.2环境工程技术学报第 13 卷,第 2 期Mar.,2023Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology2023 年 3 月盛若愚,纪荣婷,陈苏娟,等.基于二维和三维生态足迹的长三角城市群自然资本可持续性分析 J.环境工程技术学报,2023,13(2):817-826.SHENG R Y,JI R T,CHEN S J,et al.Analysis of natural capital sustainability of the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration based on two-dimensionaland three-dimensional ecological footprint modelsJ.Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology,2023,13(2):817-826.urban agglomeration was increasing,and it had a significant inhibitory effect on the renewal of natural capital flows,and the consumption of natural capital stock was 2.26 times of capital flow in 2019,with the resource consumptionoccupied.The impact factors analysis showed that the industrial output value,total energy consumption,construction land area and urbanization rate played positive roles in promoting the ecological footprint and exertedgreater pressure on the sustainability of natural capital.The relationships among the ecological pressure level,ecological environmental and economic development of the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration werequantitatively analyzed to provide a scientific basis and decision support for improving the ecological security andsustainable development of urban agglomerations.Key wordsYangtze River Delta urban agglomeration;footprint depth;footprint width;three-dimensionalecological footprint model;sustainability of natural capital;influencing factors 我国城市化率从 1978 年的 17.92%升至 2020 年的 63.89%,到 2035 年有望达到发达国家同等水平1。随着城市化进程推进,城市群作为城镇化的重要载体和城市发展到成熟阶段的最高空间组织形式,在区域发展中有着明显优势,极大地促进了区域经济社会发展2-3。城市群高度工业化特征和清晰的城市间分工,在国家发展中发挥着重要作用,可创造出更多的生产要素以改善居民的生产和生活空间。如今,传统的省域经济与行政区经济正不断地向城市群经济转变,截至 2019 年 2 月,国家已批复长江三角洲(长三角)、关中平原、呼包鄂榆等 10 个国家级城市群,“城市群经济”效应已逐渐形成4-5。然而城市群的扩张加速和资源环境的过度利用也带来了一些危害,其负面影响主要包括 2 个方面:1)阻碍了城市生态系统服务功能的发挥;2)威胁了城市生态系统的可持续发展6。因此,如何科学衡量城市群的可持续发展水平,明确其可持续发展特征及演变规律,优化人地关系已成为国内外研究热点。生态足迹模型可将区域内消耗的生物资源转化为生态生产性土地面积,进而量化分析区域可持续发展状态,自 1994 年 Wackernagel 提出生态足迹后,许多学者运用生态足迹方法进行了城市生态系统的可持续性实证研究7-9。如 Muiz 等10利用生态足迹方法定量分析了巴塞罗那大都市区 163 个城市的生态足迹情况,并剖析了城市形态不同要素对生态足迹的决定性影响。Hu 等11通过传统生态足迹模型研究了江阴市快速发展过程中生态足迹的时序变化,分析了城市规模、城市化水平和人口密度对可持续资源利用水平的影响。近年来,Niccolucci 等12-13以生态足迹的深度和广度表征人类对存量资本的消耗及流量资本的占用,并将存量资本作为判断可持续性强