低温
胁迫
石斛
三亚
阳光
生理
特性
影响
莫顺金
热带作物学报 2023,44(2):317-325 Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops 收稿日期 2022-04-24;修回日期 2022-06-12 基金项目 国家重点研发计划项目子课题(No.2019YFD1001003);海南省重大科技计划项目(No.ZDKJ2021015);海南省自然科学基金高层次人才项目(No.320RC722)。作者简介 莫顺金(1997),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:花卉遗传育种。*通信作者(Corresponding author):尹俊梅(YIN Junmei),E-mail:;徐诗涛(XU Shitao),E-mail:。低温胁迫对秋石斛三亚阳光成苗生理特性的影响 莫顺金1,2,4,何嘉琦2,4,陆顺教2,4,张志群2,4,尹俊梅3,4*,徐诗涛1*1.海南大学园艺学院,海南海口 570228;2.中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所/农业农村部华南作物基因资源与种质创制重点实验室,海南海口 571101;3.中国热带农业科学院海口实验站,海南海口 571101;4.海南省热带观赏植物种质资源创新利用工程技术研究中心,海南儋州 571737 摘 要:秋石斛(Dendrobium spp.)是一类原产于热带地区的观赏植物,适合在高温高湿的环境栽培,易受到低温胁迫。为探究秋石斛成苗对低温胁迫的生理响应及耐寒性,本研究以秋石斛三亚阳光成苗为试验材料,观察及测定在 15、10、5低温胁迫处理 1、2、4、8 h 和 1、2、4、8、16 d 后的外部形态变化和生理指标,统计各处理材料恢复生长后的落叶率,分析各处理材料的可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖、游离脯氨酸、丙二醛和叶绿素含量,以及电导率等抗寒生理指标变化规律,并根据不同温度处理的相对电导率,拟合 Logistic 方程计算半致死温度(LT50),进行低温半致死温度(LT50)和抗寒生理指标相关性分析,探究不同低温环境下秋石斛成苗形态及生理响应特性,了解其生长发育的规律。结果表明,低温胁迫导致秋石斛三亚阳光成苗的相对电导率、游离脯氨酸含量、丙二醛含量及落叶率均随着胁迫时间的延长明显增长,且处于较高水平;可溶性蛋白含量和可溶性糖含量不断波动,处于先上升后下降,再上升的状态;而叶绿素含量则逐渐减少,经 5处理 16 d 后的叶绿素含量降到最低,含量为 0.2534 mg/g。通过相关性分析发现游离脯氨酸含量、丙二醛含量、落叶率均与半致死温度有极显著的相关性,叶绿素含量与半致死温度呈显著相关性,推测这些生理指标含量可作为三亚阳光成苗耐寒性鉴定的主要指标。本研究结果为确定秋石斛三亚阳光成苗耐寒鉴定指标和处理秋石斛冷害问题提供了理论依据,并为进一步研究秋石斛对低温损伤的抗性奠定了基础。关键词:秋石斛;成苗;低温胁迫;生理特性;耐寒性 中图分类号:S682.31 文献标识码:A Effects of Low Temperature Stress on the Physiological Characteris-tics of Dendrobium Sonia Hiasakul Mature Plant MO Shunjin1,2,4,HE Jiaqi2,4,LU Shunjiao2,4,ZHANG Zhiqun2,4,YIN Junmei3,4*,XU Shitao1*1.School of Horticulture,Hainan University,Haikou,Hainan 570228,China;2.Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement in Southern China,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Haikou,Hainan 571101,China;3.Haikou Experimental Station,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences,Haikou,Hainan 571101,China;4.Hainan Engineering Technology Research Center of Tropical Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization,Danzhou,Hainan 571737,China Abstract:Dendrobium is a class of ornamental plants native to tropical regions,suitable for cultivation in high tem-perature and high humidity environment,and susceptible to low temperature stress.To investigate the physiological response and cold tolerance of Dendrobium to low temperature stress,Dendrobium Sonia Hiasakul mature(SH)were treated in temperature 15,10 and 5 for 1 h,2 h,4 h,8 h,and the physiological indexes and morphological changes of SH were surveyed 1 d,2 d,4 d,8 d and 16 d after.The changes of physiological indexes included soluble 318 热带作物学报 第 44 卷 protein,soluble sugar,free proline,malondialdehyde(MDA),chlorophyll content,electrical conductivity and the defo-liation rate of the treated plants.Based on the relative conductivity of different temperature treatments,a Logistic equa-tion was fitted to calculate the half-lethal temperature(LT50)of SH,and a correlation analysis between the half-lethal temperature at low temperature(LT50)and the physiological indexes of cold resistance was conducted,with the aim to investigate the morphological and physiological response characteristics of SH under different low temperature envi-ronment and to understand the pattern of its growth and development.The electrical conductivity,free proline,malondialdehyde(MDA)content and the defoliation rate of SH increased significantly with the extension of the stress time and the soluble protein and soluble sugar content fluctuated continuously,in a state of rising,falling,then rising again.The chlorophyll content decreased gradually,reaching the lowest 0.2534 mg/g treated at 5 for 16 d.Correla-tion analysis revealed that the free proline,malondialdehyde(MDA),defoliation rate and semi-lethal temperature were all highly significantly correlated and chlorophyll content and semi-lethal temperature were significantly correlated,and it was speculated that the content of the physiological indicators was related to the cold resistance characteristics of SH.The study would provide a theoretical basis for determining the cold tolerance identification index and dealing with cold damage in SH,and lay a foundation for further research on the resistance of Dendrobium hybrids to low temperature damage.Keywords:Dendrobium;mature plant;low temperature stress;physiological properties;cold resistance DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2023.02.011 秋石斛(Dendrobium spp.)别名蝴蝶石斛,是兰科石斛属多年生草本植物,其花色艳丽丰富,且花期较长,深受大众喜爱。秋石斛是重要的切花材料和盆花种类,是许多国家和地区花卉产业的重要组成部分,如澳大利亚、泰国、新加坡等。据统计,我国花卉行业的市场规模在 2018 年已达1562 亿元,2019 年达 1656 亿元1。我国花卉市场形式逐渐改变,正在形成“西南地区的鲜切花,东南地区的苗木和盆栽,西北寒冷地区的种球,东北地区的花卉加工业”等四大生产布局2。在此环境下,大力发展秋石斛花卉产业对地方经济、农民就业等有着至关重要的意义。温度在植物生长过程中是一个十分重要的影响因子,不同的生育期对温度的要求都不一样3。例如温度过高或过低都会使蝴蝶兰难以抽出花梗4,持续足够的低温条件才能让春石斛完成花芽分化5,当气温每升高 1时,兰科植物的结实物候期提前 2.6 d6,由此可见适宜的温度对植株生长发育十分重要。秋石斛原产于热带及亚热带的一些岛屿和国家,是典型的热带兰,因此对生长环境有着十分严格的要求,在气温为 2530,湿度为 60%70%的环境中才能正常生长和开花7。其独特的生长条件使得我国仅有少部分地区能进行生产,海南是全国唯一全部位于热带地区的省份,地处热带北缘,也是目前我国秋石斛的主要产地。但即使在海南,冬季秋石斛栽培仍会受到低温的影响,例如在 2016 年的低温气候就导致海南省东方市多个秋石斛品种受到低温损伤,甚至无法正常越冬8。随着全球环境气候的变化,秋石斛更加容易遭受低温逆境胁迫。2021 年 1 月海南省多地气