二维钼基纳米抗菌材料的可控制备及抗菌机制研究进展_高琴.pdf

收稿日期：2022-02-17；录用日期：2022-04-10；网络出版：2022-04-28Received Date:2022-02-17;Accepted Date:2022-04-10;Online first:2022-04-28基金项目：国家重点研发计划项目（2017YFC0212200）Foundation Item:National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFC0212200)通信作者：黄 宇，E-mail：Corresponding Author:HUANG Yu,E-mail: 专论REVIEWVol.14 No.1 Feb.2023 DOI:10.7515/JEE221005地 球 环 境 学 报Journal of Earth EnvironmentJEE引用格式：Citation:高 琴,姜 柳,王震宇,等.2023.二维钼基纳米抗菌材料的可控制备及抗菌机制研究进展 J.地球环境学报,14(1):49 61.Gao Q,Jiang L,Wang Z Y,et al.2023.Research progress on controllable preparation and mechanism of two-dimensional molybdenum based nanomaterials in antibacterial application J.Journal of Earth Environment,14(1):49 61.二维钼基纳米抗菌材料的可控制备及抗菌机制研究进展高 琴1，姜 柳1,2，王震宇1，赵宇蕾1,2，张超锋1，黄 宇1*1.中国科学院地球环境研究所 中国科学院气溶胶化学与物理重点实验室，西安 7100612.西安地球环境创新研究院，西安 710061Research progress on controllable preparation and mechanism of two-dimensional molybdenum based nanomaterials in antibacterial applicationGAO Qin1,JIANG Liu1,2,WANG Zhenyu1,ZHAO Yulei1,2,ZHANG Chaofeng1,HUANG Yu1*1.Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics,Institute of Earth Environment,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xian 710061,China2.Xian Institute for Innovative Earth Environment Research,Xian 710061,China Abstract:Background,aim,and scope The great threat of human health caused by bacterial infection and the drug resistance of super bacteria is increasing significantly.There is an urgent need for developing new antimicrobial agents.The applications of traditional antibacterial materials are greatly limited due to their poor stability and low biological safety.However,with unique physicochemical properties and good biocompatibility,two-dimensional molybdenum has been developed as new antibacterial materials with excellent disinfection ability.Materials and methods This paper focused on the following aspects:(1)analysis of the structure of molybdenum based nano-materials;(2)discussion of controllable preparation of two-dimensional molybdenum based nano-materials;(3)introduction of antibacterial mechanism of two-dimensional molybdenum based nanomaterials.Results Two-dimensional molybdenum based nano-materials carrying diversity structural characteristics can be controllable synthesized by different strategies.The different properties affect the interaction between nano-materials and bacteria,and further influence their antibacterial efficiency.摘 要：细菌感染对人体健康构成了极大威胁，超级细菌的耐药问题也愈发严峻，开发新型抗菌制剂已成为业内普遍共识。钼基纳米材料凭借其独特的理化特性和良好的生物相容性，在抗菌领域应用前景广阔。本文从材料结构、制备方法和抗菌机理 3 个方面综述了二维钼基纳米抗菌材料的研究进展，介绍了物理接触破坏及微环境改变、氧化应激、外源性自由基诱导和金属离子控释 4 种代表性抗菌机理的研究现状。最后分析了钼基抗菌制剂目前的挑战和未来的发展前景。关键词：二维钼基纳米材料；抗菌机制；自由基；细菌50地球环境学报第 14 卷DOI:10.7515/JEE221005Discussion On the one hand,molybdenum based nano-materials with typical two-dimensional layered structure are easy to be peeled off into thin nano-sheets through the top-down preparation method,so that they can easily pierce through the phospholipid membrane and lead to the death of bacteria.Meanwhile,two-dimensional molybdenum based nano-materials are often used as carriers for controlled-release metal ion antibacterias due to their large specific surface area.On the other hand,molybdenum(Mo6+,Mo5+,Mo4+)with various valence states can induce the generation of reactive oxygen species(ROS)by electron transfer.ROS with strong oxidation ability can damage the key organelles of bacteria,which lead to the death of bacteria.The surface properties and vacancies of molybdenum based nano-materials can be regulated by both liquid phase stripping and hydrothermal methods to improve their antibacterial efficiency.Therefore,two-dimensional molybdenum based nano-materials have excellent antibacterial ability in enhancing bacterial oxidative stress,producing exogenous free radicals,sustained-releasing metal ions,physical contact damage and cell microenvironment alteration.Conclusions Two-dimensional molybdenum based nano antibacterial material is a promising antibacterial agent with high biological safety,fast and efficient antibacterial ability.Therefore,it has been highly valued by researchers and developed rapidly.However,the current antibacterial mechanism is unclear.Therefore,more research should be conducted in theoretical research and practical application.Recommendations and perspectives(1)The molecular antibacterial mechanism of two-dimensional molybdenum nanomaterials needs to be further explored.(2)Two-dimensional molybdenum based nanomaterials combined with room temperature catalytic technology have a great prospect in the field of biological aerosol control.Key words:two-dimensional molybdenum based nano-materials;antibacterial mechanism;free radical;bacteria 致病性细菌感染已成为当今最严重的问题之一，威胁着公众健康（Kumar et al.，2019）。传统抗生素滥用导致的细菌耐药问题日趋严重，研发新型抗菌剂已迫在眉睫。目前抗菌制剂大多是以银系抗菌材料为主，其具有广谱、高效、持久性强，不易产生耐药性等特点（Haider and Kang，2015）。但银系抗菌剂容易变色，银溶出对人体不利，大大限制了其应用范围（Du et al.，2018）。钼基纳米抗菌制剂具有生物安全性高、抗菌性能优异、化学稳定性高等特点，近年来已迅速成为新型抗菌剂的研究热点之一。常见的钼基纳米抗菌材料有硫化钼（MoS2）和氧化钼（MoOx，x=2，3）（Sun and Wu，2018）。一方面，这些材料具有典型的二维层状结构，层与层之间通过弱的范德华力相结合。由于这样的层状结构特点，研究者常采用剥