湖南红壤区三个林龄板栗园外生菌根真菌多样性_田诗义.pdf

Research paper 研究论文 22 March 2023,42(3):677-691 菌物学报 Mycosystema ISSN1672-6472 CN11-5180/Q Doi:10.13346/j.mycosystema.220218 资助项目：国家自然科学基金(32001309)；中央财政林业科技推广项目(2021XT01)This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32001309)and the Central Finance Forestry Science and Technology Promotion Demonstration Fund Project(2021 XT01).*Corresponding author.E-mail: ORCID:ZOU Feng(0000-0001-5179-2261)Received:2022-06-14;Accepted:2022-08-01 Copyright 2023 Institute of Microbiology,CAS.All rights reserved.| Http:/journals- Tel:+86-10-64807521 菌物学报 677 湖南红壤区三个林龄板栗园外生菌根真菌多样性 田诗义，董文统，叶佳伟，熊欢，袁德义，邹锋*中南林业科技大学经济林培育与保护教育部重点实验室，湖南 长沙 410004 摘 要：板栗Castanea mollissima是我国重要的生态经济树种，同时也是外生菌根(ectomycorrhizal，EcM)依赖型树种。为揭示湖南红壤区板栗 EcM 真菌多样性，本研究以 9、17 和 35 年 3 个不同林龄的板栗园为研究对象，利用 Illumina Miseq 测序平台对不同林分的板栗根部 EcM 样品 ITS 区进行高通量测序，分析板栗 EcM 真菌的多样性及其在不同林龄中的分布情况；同时测定板栗根际土壤理化性质，运用线性回归、Spearman 相关性以及典型对应相关分析(canonical correspondence analysis，CCA)等，研究土壤因子与板栗 EcM 真菌多样性之间的关系。结果表明：3 个林龄中的菌根样品测序得到 EcM 真菌可操作分类单元(operational taxonomic units，OTUs)46 个，隶属于 2 门 3 纲 8 目13 科 18 属。硬皮马勃属 Scleroderma、粉孢牛肝菌属 Tylopilus 和红菇属 Russula 是板栗园中主要的EcM 菌属。9 年林分 EcM 真菌 Shannon 多样性指数最大(1.33)，与 35 年林分 Shannon 多样性指数(0.22)有显著差异，各林龄物种丰富度指数无显著差异。线性回归分析发现土壤 pH、全钾、速效钾、有效铁、有效钙和有效镁与 EcM 真菌的多样性呈显著负相关。结合 CCA 分析和相关性分析，发现土壤 pH、全磷、全钾、速效钾及有效钙是影响湖南省红壤区板栗园 EcM 真菌群落组成的主要土壤因子。湖南红壤地区板栗 EcM 真菌群落组成较为丰富，为 EcM 真菌筛选及板栗园种植管理提供科学依据。关键词：板栗；外生菌根真菌；多样性；林龄；土壤 pH；土壤有效钙 引用本文 田诗义，董文统，叶佳伟，熊欢，袁德义，邹锋，2023.湖南红壤区 3 个林龄板栗园外生菌根真菌多样性.菌物学报，42(3):677-691 Tian SY,Dong WT,Ye JW,Xiong H,Yuan DY,Zou F,2023.Diversity of ectomycorrhizal fungi in three Castanea mollissima plantations in krasnozem region of Hunan Province.Mycosystema,42(3):677-691 田诗义 等/湖南红壤区3个林龄板栗园外生菌根真菌多样性 研究论文 菌物学报 678 Diversity of ectomycorrhizal fungi in three Castanea mollissima plantations in krasnozem region of Hunan Province TIAN Shiyi,DONG Wentong,YE Jiawei,XIONG Huan,YUAN Deyi,ZOU Feng*Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees,Ministry of Education,Central South University of Forestry and Technology,Changsha 410004,Hunan,China Abstract:Castanea mollissima is an important ecological and economical tree species,also ectomycorrhizal(EcM)dependent tree species in China,and EcM fungal diversity of C.mollissima orchards with different ages of 9 years,17 years and 35 years in krasnozem region of Hunan Province was investigated.High-throughput sequencing of the ITS region of C.mollissima root EcM samples from different stands was carried out by Illumina MiSeq sequencing platform.The diversity and distribution of EcM fungi in different stands of C.mollissima were analyzed,and physical and chemical properties of C.mollissima rhizosphere soil were determined.Based on linear regression,Spearman correlation and canonical correlation analysis(CCA),the relationship between soil factors and the diversity of C.mollissima EcM fungi was studied.Forty six EcM fungal operational taxonomic units(OTUs)were detected,belonging to 2 phyla,3 classes,8 orders,13 families,and 18 genera.Scleroderma,Tylopilus and Russula were the main EcM genera in C.mollissima orchards.The Shannon diversity index of EcM fungi in the 9-year stand was the largest(1.33),which was significantly different from that in the 35-year stand(0.22).However,there was no significant difference in species richness index among different forest ages.Linear regression analysis showed that soil pH,total potassium(TK),available potassium(AK),available iron(Fe),available calcium(Ca)and available magnesium(Mg)were significantly negatively correlated with the diversity of EcM fungi.The CCA analysis and Spearman analysis suggested that soil pH,total phosphorus(TP),TK,AK and available Ca were the main soil factors affecting the composition of EcM fungal communities in C.mollissima orchards in krasnozem of Hunan Province.The fungal community composition of EcM fungi of C.mollissima is relatively rich in the krasnozem region of Hunan Province,and this study provides a scientific information for the selection of EcM fungi and planting management of C.mollissima orchards.Keywords:Castanea mollissima;ectomycorrhizal fungi;diversity;tree age;soil pH;soil available calcium 菌根作为真菌与植物根系形成的具有特定形态结构和功能的共生体，在生态系统中发挥着重要作用(Garcia et al.2016)。很多研究已证实外生菌根(ectomycorrhizal，EcM)真菌能够与植物建立互惠共生关系，来增加宿主植物对氮、磷、钾等营养元素的吸收(Plassard et al.2019；涂晶晶等 2021)，并增强植物的抗病、抗旱、抗盐、及抗重金属等对极端环境的适应能力(何绍昌 1991；Liu et al.2020；王园园 2020；何青等 2021；张健等 2021)。除此之外，土壤理化性质会影响菌根微生态的形成与动态变化(高婷婷 2020；郝嘉鑫等Research paper 22 March 2023,42(3):677-691 Mycosystema ISSN1672-6472 CN11-5180/Q 菌物学报 679 2021)。有研究表明，大多数 EcM 真菌菌丝生长一般喜好弱酸条件，根际土壤 pH 显著影响菌根的侵染率进而影响根系 EcM 真菌的群落结构(Glassman et al.2017)，土壤有效氮含量的增加会显著增加根系 EcM 真菌的多样性，菌根侵染率与根际有效磷的含量呈极显著负相关(薛小平等 2008)。同时，EcM 还能够产生大量的胞外酶(Courty et al.2006,2007)，这些酶能够分解土壤有机质中包含的氮和磷化合物如氨基酸、蛋白质等(Hodge et al.1996；Tibbett et al.1999；Leake et al.2002)。宿主植物的种类、林龄及其他根部生物活动都会影响 EcM 真菌的多样性，与锐齿栎 Quercus aliena 形成 EcM 的真菌有毛革菌属 Tomentella(耿荣等 2016)；与落叶松 Larix gmelinii(Ruprecht)Kuzeneva 共生的 ECM 丝盖伞属 I