美国加州教材 Economics- Today And Tomorrow.pdf

interactivestudenteditionRoger LeRoy Miller,Ph.D.(tl)Wei Yan/Masterfile,(tc)Tim Kiusalaas/Masterfile,(tr)Jean Miele/Corbis,(cl)Blend Images Photography/Veer,(cr)Steve Craft/Masterfile,(bl)G.Biss/Masterfile,(bc)Yellow Dog Productions/Getty Images ETT_FM_04.indd iETT_FM_04.indd i10/19/06 10:20:04 AM10/19/06 10:20:04 AMROGER LEROY MILLER graduated Phi Beta Kappa from the University of California at Berkeley,where he also won the Department Prize in Economics.He was a Woodrow Wilson Honor Fellow,National Science Foundation Fellow,and Lilly Honor Fellow at the University of Chicago,where he received his Ph.D.in economics in 1968.Now at the Institute for University Studies in Arlington,Texas,Dr.Miller has taught at the University of Washington,the University of Miami,Clemson University,and the University of Texas.He has also taught methodology to teachers of high school economics for the National Council on Economic Education.Among the more than 200 books he has written or co-authored are works on economics,statistics,law,consumer finance,and government.Dr.Miller also has operated several retail and Internet businesses and served as a consultant to government agencies,private corporations,and law firms.About the AuthorContributorsBusinessWeek is the most widely read business publication in the world and is the only weekly business news publication in existence.BusinessWeek provides incisive and comprehensive interpretation of events by evaluating the news and its implications for the United States,regional,and world economies.Standard&Poor s is a leading source of data,news,and analyses on regional,national,and global economic developments.Standard&Poor s information is used by industrial firms,financial institutions,and government agencies for setting policy,managing financial positions,planning production,formulating marketing strategies,and a range of similar activities.Standard&Poor s data services represent the single most sophisticated source of information for organizations that need to understand the impact of the path of economic growth and of government fiscal and monetary policies on their activities.Copyright 2008 by The McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc.All rights reserved.Printed in the United States of America.Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act,no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means,or stored in a database or retrieval system,without prior written permission from the publisher.Send all inquiries to:Glencoe/McGraw-Hill8787 Orion PlaceColumbus,OH 43240ISBN:978-0-07-874766-3MHID:0-07-874766-X1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 079/043 12 11 10 09 08ETT_FM_04.indd iiETT_FM_04.indd ii10/19/06 10:20:12 AM10/19/06 10:20:12 AMAcademic ConsultantsConsultants/ReviewersRobert B.Blair,Ph.D.Director,Center for Economic EducationMiddle Tennessee State UniversityMurfreesboro,TennesseeMartin E.Bookbinder,Ph.D.Professor of Economics and Political SciencePassaic County CollegePaterson,New JerseySanford D.Gordon,Ph.D.Director Emeritus of New York State Council of Economic EducationAlbany,New YorkDon R.Leet,Ph.D.Professor of EconomicsCalifornia State University,FresnoFresno,CaliforniaBarbara A.Moore,M.Ed.,M.A.A.E.Instructor,Department of EconomicsUniversity of Central FloridaOrlando,FloridaEleanor T.von Ende,Ph.D.Associate Professor of EconomicsTexas Tech UniversityLubbock,TexasTeacher ReviewersdeLyn R.Alumbaugh,IICarver Vocational-Technical High SchoolBaltimore City,MarylandRick BensmanLinworth Alternative Program,Worthington City SchoolsWorthington,OhioDarcy K.BrodisonCoronado High SchoolScottsdale,ArizonaElizabeth B.ChadwickUpper St.Clair High SchoolUpper St.Clair,PennsylvaniaSusie FogartyMartin County High SchoolStuart,FloridaKathryn L.GustafsonFarmington High SchoolFarmington,MichiganMarjorie J.HunterWest Memphis High SchoolWest Memphis,ArkansasEd LuceroDel Norte High SchoolAlbuquerque,New MexicoDeborah MaynardEden Area ROP/San Leandro High SchoolSan Leandro,CaliforniaDana J.MehlGoshen High SchoolGoshen,IndianaGary N.PetmeckyParkview High SchoolLilburn,GeorgiaLee Ferrell PolkLaVergne High SchoolLaVergne,TennesseeAmanda C.SausmanLouisville Male High SchoolLouisville,KentuckyGail SloanWhitehouse High SchoolWhitehouse,TexasDon StancavishMontgomery High SchoolMontgomery Township,New JerseyVincent StiglerDundee-Crown High SchoolCarpentersville,IllinoisGlenn R.StirratJohn H.Reagan High SchoolAustin,TexasRobert M.WedgeCollegiate SchoolRichmond,VirginiaJames L.WillmannBaker High SchoolMobile,Alabama iiiETT_FM_04.indd iiiETT_FM_04.indd iii10/19/06 10:20:15 AM10/19/06 10:20:15 AMContentsiv ContentsScavenger Hunt.xvBig Ideas.xviVoluntary National Content Standards in Economics.xviii An Introduction to Economics.2Chapter 1 What Is Economics?.41 The Basic Problem in Economics.52 Trade-Offs .143 What Do Economists Do?.20Chapter 2 Economic Systems and the American Economy.321 Economic Systems.332 Characteristics of the American Economy.423 The Goals of the Nation.474 Capitalism and S