论视频游戏.pdf

iSoraya Murray is Assistant Professor in the Film and Digital Media Department at the University of California,Santa Cruz(UCSC),where she is also affiliated with the Digital Arts and New Media MFA Program,and the Art+Design:Games+Playable Media Program.She is an interdisciplinary scholar of visual culture,with particular interest in cultural studies,contemporary art,digital media and video games.Murray holds a PhD in the History of Art and Visual Studies from Cornell University.iiAn engaging analysis and an entirely unique contribution to video game and media studies.Jennifer Jenson,York University,Canada iiiOn Video GamesThe Visual Politics of Race,Gender andSpaceSORAYAMURRAY i vPublished in 2018byI.B.Tauris&Co.LtdLondon NewYCopyright 2018 SorayaMurrayThe right of Soraya Murray to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted by the author in accordance with the Copyright,Designs and Patents Act1988.All rights reserved.Except for brief quotations in a review,this book,or any part thereof,may not be reproduced,stored in or introduced into a retrieval system,or transmitted,in any form or by any means,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recording or otherwise,without the prior written permission of the publisher.Every attempt has been made to gain permission for the use of the images in this book.Any omissions will be rectified in future editions.References to websites were correct at the time of writing.International Library of Visual Culture 27ISBN:978 1 784537418eISBN:978 1 786722508ePDF:978 1 786732507A full CIP record for this book is available from the British LibraryA full CIP record is available from the Library of CongressLibrary of Congress Catalog Card Number:available vvContentsList of Illustrations viiAcknowledgements xiiiIntroduction:Is the Culture in Game Culture the Culture of Cultural Studies?1Video Games and the Matter of Culture 2Games in the Academy 7Which Games?14On the Importance of Cultural Studies for Game Studies 17Cultural Studies Meets Game Studies 22Form and/as Identity Politics in Games 27Being Critical 30GamerGate,Games Criticism and Gender Problems 35Looking Ahead 42 1 Poetics of Form and Politics of Identity;Or,Games as Cultural Palimpsests 47Introduction 48A Digital Politics of Identity 55The Poetics of Form in Liberation 61Aveline as Queered,Creole,Intersectional 68Playability and Phantasms 76History is Our Playground 81Conclusion:Embracing the Mess 86 2 Aesthetics of Ambivalence and Whiteness in Crisis 89Introduction 89Cultural Context:Whiteness in Crisis,Racial Violence and Games 96The Last ofUs 99Critical Whiteness Studies and Whiteness After 9/11 104 Contentsviv iThe Last of Us and Imperiled Whiteness 109Spec Ops:The Line and the White Hero Interrupted 121Tomb Raider,Whiteness and the Female Heroine inPeril 131Conclusion:ATrauma Narrative of Whiteness 137 3 The Landscapes of Games as Ideology 141Introduction 141Metal Gear Solid V:The Phantom Pain 146Game Spaces and World-Building:Formalism 152Studying Game Space in aCultural Context 160Theorizing Game Space as Ideological Landscape 167There is No Such Place:Afghanistan in The Phantom Pain 176Conclusion:AParticular View of aParticular World 180 4 The World is a Ghetto:Imaging the Global Metropolis in Playable Representation 183Introduction:Speculative Futures,Genre and the Global Metropolis 183Max Payne 3:Noir Figure,Exotic Ground 188Remember Me and Urban Amnesia 197Play in the Fourth World City 203Bullet Time,Memory Remixing and Harveys Space-Time Compression 212Two Playable Cities:The Favela and the Cyberpunk Metropolis 216Conclusion:Playing Possible Futures 225Notes 229Bibliography 271Index 299v i iviiIllustrations 1.1 Aveline as lady.Assassins Creed III:Liberation(2012)image provided by Ubisoft,Inc.Created,developed and published by Ubisoft.48 1.2 Aveline as a child with her mother.Assassins Creed III:Liberation(2012).Created,developed and published by Ubisoft.Screen shot by author.51 1.3 Aveline as assassin.Assassins Creed III:Liberation(2012)image provided by Ubisoft,Inc.Created,developed and published by Ubisoft.60 1.4 Prince of Persia(1989).Game designer Jordan Mechner,developed and published by Brderbund Software,Inc.Cover art used for Amiga.63 1.5 Aveline fights.Assassins Creed III:Liberation(2012)image provided by Ubisoft,Inc.Created,developed and published by Ubisoft.67 1.6 Aveline as lady,engaging in charming and bribing.Assassins Creed III:Liberation(2012).Created,developed and published by Ubisoft.Screen shot by author.71 1.7 Aveline blending in as a slave through her mode of dress.Assassins Creed III:Liberation(2012).Created,developed and published by Ubisoft.Screen shot by author.73 1.8 Aveline and Patience Gibbs.Assassins Creed IV:Black Flag(2013).Created,developed and published by Ubisoft.Screen shot by author.75 1.9 Aveline above New Orleans.Assassins Creed III:Liberation(2012)image provided by Ubisoft,Inc.Created,developed and published by Ubisoft.79 List of Illustrationsviiiv i i i 1.10 Av