美国加州教材 Glencoe Science - Level Red Mcgraw, 2005 .pdf

interactivestudentedition(bkgd)Royalty-Free/CORBIS,(t)Richard Kaylin/Getty Images,(b)G.K.&Vikki Hart/Getty Imagesi-001-RED-FM-860049_G6_NA 8/13/04 4:45 PM Page iLevel RedThe cover shows the ColoradoRiver in the Grand Canyon.It is the primary river of theAmerican Southwest.Thisforked lightning bolt shows alarge static discharge betweenthe dark clouds and the ground.This red-eyed tree frog can befound in rain forests in Southand Central America,and as farnorth as Mexico.Send all inquiries to:Glencoe/McGraw-Hill8787 Orion PlaceColumbus,OH 43240-4027ISBN:0-07-860049-92 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 071/055 09 08 07 06 05 04Copyright 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc.All rights reserved.Except as permitted underthe United States Copyright Act,no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in anyform or by any means,or stored in a database or retrieval system,without prior written permission of the publisher.The National Geographic features were designed and developed by the National Geographic SocietysEducation Division.Copyright National Geographic Society.The name“National Geographic Society”and the Yellow Border Rectangle are trademarks of the Society,and their use,without prior writtenpermission,is strictly prohibited.The“Science and Society”and the“Science and History”features that appear in this book weredesigned and developed by TIME School Publishing,a division of TIME Magazine.TIME and the redborder are trademarks of Time Inc.All rights reserved.(bkgd)Royalty-Free/CORBIS,(t)Richard Kaylin/Getty Images,(b)G.K.&Vikki Hart/Getty Imagesi-001-RED-FM-860049_G6_NA 8/13/04 4:45 PM Page iiThe Nature of Matter.2Chapter 1The Nature of Science.4Chapter 2Measurement.40Chapter 3Matter and Its Changes.68Chapter 4Atoms,Elements,and the Periodic Table.96Interactions of Matter.126Chapter 5Motion,Forces,and Simple Machines.128Chapter 6Energy.160Chapter 7Electricity and Magnetism.192Chapter 8Waves.224Earths Changing Surface.252Chapter 9Rocks and Minerals.254Chapter 10Forces Shaping Earth.286Chapter 11Weathering and Erosion.314Chapter 12The Atmosphere in Motion.340Chapter 13Oceans.372Beyond Earth.404Chapter 14Exploring Space.406Chapter 15The Solar System and Beyond.438Lifes Diversity.472Chapter 16CellsThe Units of Life.474Chapter 17Invertebrate Animals.496Chapter 18Vertebrate Animals.528Chapter 19The Human Body.558Chapter 20The Role of Genes in Inheritance.588Life and the Environment.614Chapter 21Ecology.616Chapter 22Earths Resources.644ContentsIn BriefContents In Briefi-001-RED-FM-860049_G6_NA 8/13/04 4:45 PM Page iiiCONTENTAlton J.Banks,PhDDirector of the Faculty Center for Teaching and LearningNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleigh,NCJack CooperEnnis High SchoolEnnis,TXSandra K.Enger,PhDAssociate Director,Associate ProfessorUAH Institute for Science EducationHuntsville,ALDavid G.Haase,PhDNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleigh,NCMichael A.Hoggarth,PhDDepartment of Life and Earth SciencesOtterbein CollegeWesterville,OHJerome A.Jackson,PhDWhitaker Eminent Scholar in ScienceProgram DirectorCenter for Science,Mathematics,and Technology EducationFlorida Gulf Coast UniversityFort Meyers,FLWilliam C.Keel,PhDDepartment of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of Alabama Tuscaloosa,ALLinda McGawScience Program Coordinator Advanced Placement Strategies,Inc.Dallas,TXMadelaine MeekPhysics Consultant EditorLebanon,OHRobert NiersteScience Department HeadHendrick Middle School,Plano ISDPlano,TXConnie Rizzo,MD,PhDDepatment of Science/MathMarymount Manhattan CollegeNew York,NYivAuthorsSeries ConsultantsEducation DivisionWashington,D.C.Alton BiggsRetired Biology TeacherAllen High SchoolAllen,TXLucy Daniel,PhDTeacher/ConsultantRutherford County SchoolsRutherfordton,NCRalph M.Feather Jr.,PhDAssistant Professor Geoscience DepartmentIndiana University of PennsylvaniaIndiana,PAEdward OrtlebScience ConsultantSt.Louis,MOSusan Leach SnyderRetired Teacher,ConsultantJones Middle SchoolUpper Arlington,OHDinah ZikeEducational ConsultantDinah-Might Activities,Inc.San Antonio,TXi-001-RED-FM-860049_G6_NA 8/13/04 4:45 PM Page ivDominic Salinas,PhDMiddle School Science SupervisorCaddo Parish SchoolsShreveport,LACheryl WistromSt.Josephs CollegeRensselaer,INCarl Zorn,PhDStaff ScientistJefferson Laboratory Newport News,VAMATHMichael Hopper,DEngManager of Aircraft Certification L-3 CommunicationsGreenville,TXTeri Willard,EdDMathematics Curriculum WriterBelgrade,MTREADINGElizabeth BabichSpecial Education TeacherMashpee Public SchoolsMashpee,MABarry BartoSpecial Education TeacherJohn F.Kennedy ElementaryManistee,MICarol A.Senf,PhDSchool of Literature,Communication,and CultureGeorgia Institute of TechnologyAtlanta,GARachel Swaters-KissingerScience Teacher John Boise Middle SchoolWarsaw,MOSAFETYAileen Duc,PhDScience 8 TeacherHendrick Middle School,Plano ISDPlano,TXSandra West,PhDDepartment of BiologyTexas State University-San MarcosSan Marcos,TXACTIVITY TESTERSNerma Coats HendersonPickerington Lakeview Jr.HighSchoolPickerington,OHMary Helen Mariscal-CholkaWilliam D