interactivestudenteditionJacksonJ.Spielvogel,Ph.D.JacksonJ.SpielvogelisassociateprofessoremeritusofhistoryatthePennsylvaniaStateUniversity.HereceivedhisPh.D.fromTheOhioStateUniversity,wherehespecializedinReformationhistoryunderHaroldJ.Grimm.Hisarticlesandreviewshavebeenpublishedinseveralscholarlypublications.Heisco-author(withWilliamDuiker)ofWorldHistory,publishedin1994(4thedition,2003).ProfessorSpielvogelhaswonfivemajoruniver-sity-wideawards,andin1997,hebecamethefirstwinneroftheSchreyerInstitute’sStudentChoiceAwardforinnovativeandinspiringteaching.TheNationalGeographicSociety,foundedin1888fortheincreaseanddiffusionofgeographicknowledge,istheworld’slargestnonprofitscientificandeducationalorganization.Sinceitsearliestdays,theSocietyhasusedsophisticatedcommunicationtechnologies,fromcolorphotographytoholography,toconveygeographicknowledgetoaworldwidemembership.TheEdu-cationProductsDivisionsupportstheSociety’smissionbydevel-opinginnovativeeducationalprograms—rangingfromtraditionalprintmaterialstomultimediaprogramsincludingCD-ROMs,videodiscs,andsoftware.Copyright©2006byTheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.Allrightsreserved.ExceptaspermittedundertheUnitedStatesCopyrightAct,nopartofthispublicationmaybereproducedordistributedinanyformorbyanymeans,orstoredinadatabaseorretrievalsystem,withoutpriorpermissionofthepublisher.Sendallinquiriesto:Glencoe/McGraw-Hill8787OrionPlaceColumbus,OH43240-4027ISBN:0-07-868873-6PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica.12345678910071/055090807060504Aboutthecover:Throughouthistory,peoplearoundtheworldhavechanneled,spanned,andsailedupononeofEarth’sgreatestresources—itswaterreserves.Top:thegreatPontduGardaqueductbuiltinFrancebyancientRomans;middleright,theTowerBridge,London,spanningtheThames;bottomleft,aChinesejunksailinginHongKongHarbor.iiiAcademicConsultantsWinthropLindsayAdamsAssociateProfessorofHistoryUniversityofUtahSaltLakeCity,UtahSariJ.BennettDirector,CenterforGeographicEducationUniversityofMarylandBaltimoreCountyBaltimore,MarylandRichardG.Boehm...
