美国加州教材 Chemistry - Matter And Change - Mcgraw-hill 2008.pdf

interactivestudentedition01_287699-ffirs.qxp 8/26/08 7:17 PM Page iiAUTHORSThandi Buthelezi Laurel Dingrando Nicholas HainenCheryl Wistrom Dinah ZikeCopyright 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc.All rights reserved.Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act,no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means,or stored in a database retrieval system,without prior written permission of the publisher.Send all inquires to:Glencoe/McGraw-Hill8787 Orion PlaceColumbus,OH 43240-4027ISBN-13:978-0-07-874637-6ISBN-10:0-07-874637-XPrinted in the United States of America1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 027/055 11 10 09 08 07About the Photo:Some chemicals produce flames of distinctive colors when burned.Sodium produces an orange flame,strontium produces a red flame,and boron produces a bright green flame.To view a video demo of a flame test,visit .Contents in Brief iiiStudent GuideReading for Information .xviiiScavenger Hunt.xxiChapters1 Introduction to Chemistry .22 Analyzing Data .303 MatterProperties and Changes .684 The Structure of the Atom .1005 Electrons in Atoms.1346 The Periodic Table and Periodic Law .1727 Ionic Compounds and Metals .2048 Covalent Bonding .2389 Chemical Reactions.28010 The Mole .31811 Stoichiometry.36612 States of Matter.40013 Gases.44014 Mixtures and Solutions .47415 Energy and Chemical Change .51416 Reaction Rates.55817 Chemical Equilibrium.59218 Acids and Bases.63219 Redox Reactions .67820 Electrochemistry .70621 Hydrocarbons.74222 Substituted Hydrocarbons and Their Reactions .78423 The Chemistry of Life.82424 Nuclear Chemistry.858Student Resources.900Elements Handbook .901Math Handbook .946Reference Tables.968Supplemental Practice Problems.976Solutions to Selected Practice Problems .992Glossary/Glosario .1005Index.1031Credits.1051iv About the AuthorsThandi Buthelezi is Associate Professor of Chemistry at Western Kentucky University,Bowling Green,KY.She earned her BA in Chemistry from Williams College,Williamstown,MA,and PhD in Experimental Physical Chemistry from the University of Florida,Gainesville,FL.Dr.Buthelezi has taught Chemistry at the undergraduate and graduate(master s)level for seven years.She is the co-founder and co-director of the Girls in Science Outreach Program at WKU.She is a member of the American Chemical Society,the American Association for the Advancement of Science,and Sigma Xi.She has co-authored over two dozen research papers published in peer-reviewed journals.Laurel Dingrando is currently serving as the Secondary Science Coordinator for the Garland Independent School District.Mrs.Dingrando has a BS in Micro-biology with a minor in Chemistry from Texas Tech University and an MAT in Science from University of Texas at Dallas.She taught Chemistry for 25 years in the Garland Independent School District.She is a member of the American Chemical Society,National Science Teachers Association,Science Teachers Association of Texas,Texas Science Educators Leadership Association,and T3(Teachers Teaching with Technology).Nicholas Hainen taught chemistry,AP chemistry,and physics in the Worthington City Schools,Worthington,Ohio,for 31 years.Mr.Hainen holds BS and MA degrees in Science Education from The Ohio State University,majoring in chemistry and physics.His honors and awards include:American Chemical Society Outstanding Educator in Chemical Sciences;The Ohio State University Honor Roll of Outstanding High School Teachers;Ashland Oil Company Golden Apple Award;and Who s Who Among America s Teachers.Mr.Hainen is a member of the American Chemical Society and the ACS Division of Chemical Education.Cheryl Wistrom is an associate professor of chemistry at Saint Joseph s College in Rensselaer,Indiana where she has been honored with both the Science Division and college faculty teaching awards.She has taught chemistry,biology,and science education courses at the college level since 1990 and is also a licensed pharmacist.She earned her BS degree in biochemistry at Northern Michigan University,a BS in pharmacy at Purdue University,and her MS and PhD in biological chemistry at the University of Michigan.Dr.Wistrom is a member of the Indiana Academy of Science,the National Science Teachers Association,and the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists.Dinah Zike is an international curriculum consultant and inventor who has developed educational products and three-dimensional,interactive graphic organiz-ers for over 30 years.As president and founder of Dinah-Might Adventures,L.P.,Dinah is the author of over 100 award-winning educational publications,including The Big Book of Science.Ms.Zike has a BS and an MS in educational curriculum and instruction from Texas A&M University.Dinah Zike s Foldables are an exclu-sive feature of McGraw-Hill textbooks.Teacher Advisory Board and Reviewers vTeacher Advisory BoardThe Teacher Advisory Board gave the authors,editorial staff,and design team feedback on the content and design in the Student Edition.We th