Science 2016-02-19.pdf

sciencemag.org SCIENCECONTENTS815Lessons from the Ebola epidemic19 FEBRUARY 2016 VOLUME 351 ISSUE 6275788 19 FEBRUARY 2016 VOL 351 ISSUE 6275CONTENTSNEWSIN BRIEF792 News at a glanceIN DEPTH 796 GRAVITATIONAL WAVES SERVE UP A BLACK HOLE MYSTERYAstrophysicists puzzle over the strange black holes that produced LIGOs signal By A.Cho797 The scientist who spotted the fateful signaland let the cat out of the bag By A.Cho799 PITCHING SCIENCE:A HISTORY OFOBAMAS RESEARCH BUDGETSEconomy,politics shape outcome of an uneven record By J.Mervis800 BARCODING THE BRAINIARPA funds ef ort to map synaptic connections By E.Underwood801 POCKET DNA SEQUENCERS MAKE REAL-TIME DIAGNOSTICS A REALITYAdvances in accuracy of nanopore sequencing help pave the way for on-the-spot DNA tests By E.Pennisi803 THE RIGHT GUT MICROBES HELP INFANTS GROWStudies point the way to using microbial therapy to combat the lasting ef ects of poor nutrition By E.Pennisi RESEARCH ARTICLE P.830;REPORT P.854FEATURE 804 THE NEXT BIG EYEThe pressure is on the builders of the James Webb Space Telescope to ensure that NASAs$8 billion gamble pays of By D.Clery VIDEO811 CAS9,POISED FOR DNA CLEAVAGEStructural rearrangements explain how Cas9 cuts DNA By H.Chen and S.Bailey REPORT P.867813 DIFFERENCES AMONG ASTROCYTESNeurons determine the specifi city of local astrocytes By B.Stevens and A.K.Muthukumar REPORT P.849814 CONTROLLED INTERACTIONOF NANOPARTICLES WITH CELLSDNA hybridization can control the exposure of cell-targeting receptors on nanoparticles By W.J.Parak REPORT P.841815 BEYOND EBOLAThe Ebola epidemic provides lessons for how to respond to future epidemics By J.Currie et al.817 A MOLECULAR SHUTTLE FOR HYDROGEN CYANIDENickel-catalyzed transfer hydrocyanation enables safe conversion of alkenes into nitriles By H.-G.Schmalz REPORT P.832818 COMPLEXITY THEORY AND FINANCIAL REGULATIONEconomic policy needs interdisciplinary network analysis and behavioral modeling By S.BattistonBOOKS ET AL.821 INVENTOLOGYBy P.Kennedy;reviewed by W.Lathe822 THE ADAPTORSReviewed by G.R.GoldsmithLETTERS 824 PLANT SCIENTISTS:GM TECHNOLOGY IS SAFEBy N.Fahlgren et al.824 PROTECT THE TASMANIAN WILDERNESSBy X.Yu825 TECHNICAL COMMENT ABSTRACTS825 OUTSIDE THE TOWER:TEACHING TRUST WITH ARTBy P.Sood796810&858INSIGHTSPERSPECTIVES 810 HOW DOES THE IMMUNE SYSTEM TOLERATE FOOD?Intestinal T cells balance the immune response to microbes and food By C.Kuhn and H.L.Weiner REPORT P.858Published by AAASon February 18,2016Downloaded from on February 18,2016Downloaded from 19 FEBRUARY 2016 VOL 351 ISSUE 6275 789SCIENCE sciencemag.org803,830,&854Microbiota and malnourishmentRESEARCHIN BRIEF 827 From Science and other journalsRESEARCH ARTICLES 830 MICROBIOMEGut bacteria that prevent growth impairments transmitted by microbiota from malnourished children L.V.Blanton et al.RESEARCH ARTICLE SUMMARY;FOR FULL TEXT:dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aad3311 NEWS STORY P.803;REPORT P.854;PODCAST831 PROTEASOMERpn1 provides adjacent receptor sites for substrate binding and deubiquitination by the proteasome Y.Shi et al.RESEARCH ARTICLE SUMMARY;FOR FULL TEXT:dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aad9421R EPORTS832 ORGANIC CHEMISTRYCatalytic reversible alkene-nitrile interconversion through controllable transfer hydrocyanation X.Fang et al.PERSPECTIVE P.817836 APPLIED PHYSICSNuclear magnetic resonance detection and spectroscopy of single proteins using quantum logic I.Lovchinsky et al.841 NANOMATERIALSDNA-controlled dynamic colloidal nanoparticle systems for mediating cellular interaction S.Ohta et al.PERSPECTIVE P.814846 DNA REPAIRUbiquitinated Fancd2 recruits Fan1 to stalled replication forks to prevent genome instability C.Lachaud et al.849 NEUROSCIENCENeurons diversify astrocytes in the adult brain through sonic hedgehog signaling W.T.Farmer et al.PERSPECTIVE P.813854 MICROBIOMELactobacillus plantarum strain maintains growth of infant mice during chronic undernutrition M.Schwarzer et al.NEWS STORY P.803;RESEARCH ARTICLE P.830858 MUCOSAL IMMUNOLOGYDietary antigens limit mucosal immunity by inducing regulatory T cells in the small intestine K.S.Kim et al.PERSPECTIVE P.810863 ION CHANNELSSequential ionic and conformational signaling by calcium channels drives neuronal gene expression B.Li et al.867 STRUCTURAL BIOLOGYStructures of a CRISPR-Cas9 R-loop complex primed for DNA cleavage F.Jiang et al.PERSPECTIVE P.811871 STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY2.3 resolution cryo-EM structure of human p97 and mechanism of allosteric inhibition S.Banerjee et al.876 STRUCTURAL BIOLOGYStructural basis of lipoprotein signal peptidase II action and inhibition by the antibiotic globomycin L.Vogeley et al.ON THE COVERThe$8 billion James Webb Space Telescope,scheduled for launch in October 2018,will be the largest orbiting observatory ever built.This artists conception shows its segmented mirrorone of several innovative components designed to unfold in space en route to its fi nal orbit 1.5 million kilometers from Earth,or roughly four times as far as the Moon.See page