National Geographic 2019年第02期.pdf

T H E U L T I M A T EC L I M BH OW A L E X H O N N O L D S C A L E D E L C A P I TA N W I T H O U T R O P E S A N D L I V E D TO T E L L A B O U T I T“There is no adrenaline rush.If I get an adrenaline rush,it means that something has gone horribly wrong.”VALLEY OF THE BOOMT V S E R I E S A I R S S U N DAY S AT 9/8 C O N N AT I O N A L G E O G R A P H I C02.2019UX 200Options shown.1.2019 UX vs.2018/2019 competitors.Information from manufacturers websites as of 9/17/2018.2.Apple CarPlay is a trademark of Apple Inc.All rights reserved.Always drive safely and obey traffic laws.Apps,prices and services vary by phone carrier and are subject to change at any time without notice.Subject to smartphone connectivity and capability.Data charges may apply.Apple CarPlay functionality requires a compatible iPhone tethered with an approved data cable into the USB media port.3.iPhone is a registered trademark of Apple Inc.All rights reserved.4.2019 Lexus UX 200 EPA 29/city,37/hwy,33/comb MPG estimates.Actual mileage will vary.5.UX AWD system operates at speeds up to 43 mph.2018 LexusBLAZE NEW TRAILSINTRODUCING THE FIRST-EVER LEXUS UXWe no longer travel great distances in the name of exploration.Today,our frontier is all around us.For those seeking this new frontier,the first-ever Lexus UX is a new frontier for crossovers.Crafted purposefully for the city.To nimbly handle corners with a best-in-class 17.1-ft turning radius.1 To easily navigate cluttered roads with Apple CarPlay2 while connected to your iPhone.3 And to inspire a sense of freedom with a class-leading estimated 33 MPG.1,4 Introducing the Lexus UX and UX Hybrid AWD,5 both available as FSPORT models.Crafted for those who believe there is always something new to AT I O N A L G E O G R A P H I CC O N T E N T SOn the CoverSince 2007 Alex Honnold had made“free-solo”ascentsalone,without a ropeof other daunting routes in Yosemite.But none compared to his June 2017 climb up El Capitan.MIKEY SCHAEFERF E B RUA RY 2 0 1 9THE BIG IDEAHow Ketchup Made Food SaferHenry Heinzs view of wholesome food and preservatives still resonates today.BY DEBORAH BLUMGENIUSMemories RemadeThis neuroscientist is working on suppress-ing bad memories.BY RACHEL HARTIGAN SHEA South Africas MajorettesFor girls and young women in South Africa,being a“drummy”requires dedicationand pays dividends in confidence and pride.PHOTOGRAPHS BY ALICE MANNP R O O FE M B A R KE X P L O R E17836THROUGH THE LENSThe Shots That Almost Got AwayHis camera captured polar bear close-ups and then it sank.But the photographer refused to give up.BY AUDUN RIKARDSENBASIC INSTINCTSPuffed-Up AppealFrigatebirds woo mates by inflating a body part and drumming on it.Whats not to love?BY PATRICIA EDMONDSALSOVegetation ThreatsBeekeepers ToolsALSOBeetle Jaws Zoo Mothers Milk Immigrant EconomyF E A T U R E SA National Symbol But Also a Pest?Australia grapples with a kangaroo issue.BY JEREMY BERLINPHOTOGRAPHS BY STEFANO UNTERTHINER.P.126 ON TV Valley of the Boom This docudrama about the internets early days airs Sunday nights through January 27 at 9/8c,on National Geographic.The White Gold RushLithium is key to mak-ing batteries.Bolivia has it in abundance.BY ROBERT DRAPERPHOTOGRAPHS BY CDRIC GERBEHAYE.P.78Silicon Valley Grows Up(Sort Of)The tech mecca looks at the costs of success.BY MICHELLE QUINNPHOTOGRAPHS BY LAURA MORTON.P.104SoloAlex Honnold is famous for climbing formidable rock faces without using ropes.But El Capitan?BY MARK SYNNOTTPHOTOGRAPHS BY JIMMY CHIN.P.42Unthinkable SacrificeMystery shrouds child killings some 500 years ago in whats now Peru.BY KRISTIN ROMEYPHOTOGRAPHS BY ROBERT CLARK.P.54F E B R U A R Y|C O N T E N T S “Big data”lives up to its name:We produce 2.5 quintillion bytes of data every day through the staggering array of digital connections that link people,objects,and devices.Every email,text,post,online search,app interaction,card transaction,and doctors visit contribute to the three Vs that define big data:volume,velocity,and variety of information,in greater amounts than ever before(its estimated that 90 percent of all data in existence was generated in the last two years).But to be useful,another V is needed:value.Extracting value takes powerful computers,complex algorithms,and extraordinary brainpower,a combination that saw“data scientist”hailed as the worlds sexiest job.But is big data really making a difference?Many believe it is.Retailers are using it to enhance our shopping experience,from predicting popular products and engaging interest to ensuring availability and competitive pricing.In the United States,Macys department store credits big data with improving their customer interactions and helping to boost sales by 10 percent.BANKS ARE ALSO INVESTING,WITH OVER$20 BILLION SPENT ON DATA ANALYSIS IN 2016.One area to benefit is customer service,where valuable information collected is supporting speedier decisions on loans and credit while providing better protection against theft,fraud,and even over