National Geographic 2015年第10期.pdf

UNCOVERING A LOST CITYDARING JOURNEY ON THE CONGOTREKKING SWEDEN S GLACIAL WILDERNESSOCTOBER 2015A NEW ANCESTOR SHAKES UP OUR FAMILY TREEALMOSTHUMANOFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC SOCIETY138 Proof|Abstraction Finds Beauty in Beasts Deconstructing their likenesses can make even terrifying creatures more likable.Story and Photo Illustrations by Michael D.KernOn the Cover Paleoartist John Gurche used fossils from a South African cave to reconstruct the face of Homo naledi,the newest addition to the genus Homo.Photo by Mark Thiessen,NGM StaffCorrections and Clarifications Go to Chris Fisher leads a team searching for ruins of an ancient city hidden in the jungle in La Mosquitia,Honduras.30 Mystery ManFossils found deep in a South African cave raise new questions about what it means to be human.By Jamie Shreeve Photographs by Robert Clark58 Wild Heart of SwedenGlaciers handiwork surrounds visitors to Laponia,one of Europes largest wilderness areas.By Don Belt Photographs by Orsolya Haarberg and Erlend Haarberg74 LifebloodThe Congo River is the main road through the heart of Africafor those who dare to travel it.By Robert Draper Photographs by Pascal Maitre 122 Sea WolvesBeachcombing wolves swim among Canadian islands,eating whatever the ocean serves up.By Susan McGrath Photographs by Paul NicklenLure of the Lost CityLaser-mapping technology uncovers extensive ruins in a Honduran jungle rumored to contain a mythic White City.By Douglas Preston Photographs by Dave Yoder102october 2015 vol.228 no.4FROM THE EDITORHonduras NotebookSusan Goldberg,Editor in Chief PHOTO:RAY WILSONThis sand flyadults are about 3 mm,or 1/8 inch,longspreads the leishmaniasis that our team members got.The Risks of Storytelling“We believe in the power of science,exploration,and storytelling to change the world.”Thats National Geographics mission statement,and living it is not without risks.Charging hippos,aggressive sharks,stampeding elephants,even abduction by rebels:Our contributors and explorers have been through it all.Sometimes,though,the biggest problems are caused by the smallest thingswhich brings us to the plight of some colleagues in this months issue.“We didnt know about the sand flies,”says Doug Preston,who wrote our article on the dis-covery of a pre-Columbian city in a remote rain forest in eastern Honduras.What Preston,pho-tographer Dave Yoder,and National Geographic grantee Chris Fisher did know,early on,was that the assignment would be challenging.“From the air,it looked like a tropical paradise,”Preston says.On the ground,“it rained incessantly.The mud was thigh-deep.There were venomous snakes and lots of insects.”And sand flies“clouds of sand flies,”Preston sayswhich can transmit a parasitic,flesh-rotting,potentially fatal disease he had barely heard of:leishmaniasis.Its found in parts of 90 countries in the tropics,subtropics,and southern Europe.Yoder,Fisher,and at least six other team members contracted leishmaniasis,and its serious enough that several are being treated at the National Institutes of Health in Bethesda,Maryland.The intravenous infusions they must undergo,all agree,are worse than the open sores and other immediate complications of the illness.Fisher,an archaeologist at Colorado State University,suffered intense pain during the infusions,and on the plane home broke out in a measles-like rash.“I felt like I had the worlds worst hangover,”he says.If left untreated,the disease can recur years,even decades,later,attacking tissues of the nose and lips and resulting in disfigurement.You might assume,given these sobering details,that the team would never want to set foot in that jungle again.Quite the contrary.As I write this,Yoder and Fisher are making plans to return and continue the excavation and documentation of the lost city.“I would certainly do this again,”says Preston,who has covered archaeology for more than 30 years.“Nothing really good happens without some risk.”Check out to learn more and discover new ways to change the way you think about energy in your life.Carbon Roots International represents one of the 29 real-world projects focused on innovative energy solutions that have received grants from The Great Energy Challenge,a National Geographic initiative in partnership with Shell.When we push the way we think about energy,we help ensure a sustainable energy future.BRIGHT IDEAS CAN CHANGE THE WORLDCARBON ROOTS INTERNATIONAL FIGHTS DEFORESTATION AND REVITALIZES FARMLANDS.With the majority of Haitians using charcoal and wood for energy,extreme deforestation has driven the cost of cooking fuel exorbitantly high.A social enterprise venture,Carbon Roots International,trains farmers and small entrepreneurs on how to produce affordable green charcoal created from the carbon-rich char dust of agricultural waste.The char is also used by farmers to increase soil fertility.The National Geographic Society is a global non-profit membership organization.We inspire through exploration,illuminate throug