Science 2018-02-09.pdf

608 9 FEBRUARY 2018 VOL 359 ISSUE 6376sciencemag.org SCIENCE9 FEBRUARY 2018 VOLUME 359 ISSUE 6376CONTENTSPHOTO:AUSTIN THOMASON/MICHIGAN PHOTOGRAPHY;GRAPHIC:C.BICKEL/SCIENCENEWSIN BRIEF614 News at a glanceIN DEPTH 617 DESIGN FOR U.S.EXASCALE COMPUTER TAKES SHAPECompetition with China accelerates plans for next great leap in supercomputing power By R.F.Service618 Chinas planned exascale computer threatens Summits position at the topBy R.F.Service619 PSYCHIATRISTS BEGIN TO MAP GENETIC ARCHITECTURE OF MENTAL DISORDERSGene expression findings from study of hundreds of human brains could lead to diagnostic tests,therapies By R.Dengler REPORT P.693620 USE OF CHOLERA VACCINES EXPANDS,RAISING HOPESSwelling supplies and a better formulation bolster response to widespread outbreaks By K.Kupferschmidt621 GENE THERAPY FIELD HIT BY FRESH SAFETY CONCERNAnimal studies show dangerous side effects from virus increasingly used to deliver DNA to treat diseases By J.Kaiser622 TOBACCO GIANTS RESEARCH LARGESSE IGNITES CONTROVERSYPhilip Morriss$1 billion effort to promote studies of“harm reduction”prompts some researchers to call for a boycott By M.Enserink623 AS POLAR OZONE MENDS,UV SHIELD CLOSER TO EQUATOR THINSShort-lived chemicals may be the culpritBy A.ReeseFEATURES 624 THE HAPPINESS PROJECTAdvocates are pushing to enrich the lives of rodents and fish in the lab,but critics worry about the impact on research By D.Grimm VIDEO624633&679Noninvasive optogenetics 636 HOW HUMMINGBIRDS STAY NIMBLE ON THE WINGVideos of more than 200 hummingbirds reveal the evolutionary basis of their maneuvering skills By P.C.Wainwright RESEARCH ARTICLE P.653638 WHEN QUANTUM OPTICS MEETS TOPOLOGYSingle photons are routed around bends in photonic crystals with little backscattering By A.Amo REPORT P.666639 REVISING CONCEPTS ABOUTADULT STEM CELLSImaging adult neurogenesis reveals surprising behavior of progenitor cells By M.Gtz RESEARCH ARTICLE P.658641 SUPERRADIATORS CREATED ATOM BY ATOMCollective emission is observed from atoms dropping singly through a resonator field By D.Meschede REPORT P.662POLICY FORUM 642 OPEN DATA SHARING AND THEGLOBAL SOUTHWHO BENEFITS?Limited capacity,deep mistrust pose challenges to sharing By D.Serwadda et al.INSIGHTSPERSPECTIVES 632 AN INDOOR CHEMICAL COCKTAILThe chemistry that determines human exposure to indoor pollutants is incompletely understood By S.Gligorovski and J.P.D.Abbatt PODCAST633 TOWARD AN OPTICALLY CONTROLLED BRAINNoninvasive deep brain stimulation can be achieved by optical triggers By N.Feliu et al.REPORT P.679635 CHOLESTEROL CRYSTALS IMPEDE NERVE REPAIRCholesterol deposits in phagocytic cells disrupt the repair of demyelinated axons By Y.Chen and B.Popko REPORT P.684628 CHINAS AI IMPERATIVEThe countrys massive investments in artificial intelligence are disrupting the industryand strengthening control of the populace By C.LarsonDA_0209TOC.indd 6082/7/18 10:48 AMPublished by AAASon February 10,2018 http:/science.sciencemag.org/Downloaded from 652Folding mitotic chromosomes9 FEBRUARY 2018 VOL 359 ISSUE 6376 609SCIENCE sciencemag.org698Kinked b sheets stack togetherCREDITS:(FROM LEFT TO RIGHT)M.P.HUGHES ET AL.;J.H.GIBCUS ET AL.DEPARTMENTS613 EDITORIAL War and peace in the nuclear ageBy E.William Colglazier706 WORKING LIFEMy climate change crisisBy Paul C.RoggeRESEARCHIN BRIEF 648 From Science and other journalsREVIEW651 SYNTHETIC BIOLOGYProgramming gene and engineered-cell therapies with synthetic biology T.Kitada et al.REVIEW SUMMARY;FOR FULL TEXT:dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aad1067RESEARCH ARTICLES 652 MOLECULAR BIOLOGYA pathway for mitotic chromosome formation J.H.Gibcus et al.RESEARCH ARTICLE SUMMARY;FOR FULL TEXT:dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aao6135653 BIOMECHANICSMorphology,muscle capacity,skill,and maneuvering ability in hummingbirds R.Dakin et al.PERSPECTIVE P.636;VIDEO658 NEURODEVELOPMENTLive imaging of neurogenesis in the adult mouse hippocampus G.-A.Pilz et al.PERSPECTIVE P.639REPORTS 662 QUANTUM OPTICSCoherent single-atom superradiance J.Kim et al.PERSPECTIVE P.641666 QUANTUM OPTICSA topological quantum optics interface S.Barik et al.PERSPECTIVE P.638669 NANOMATERIALSBuilding superlattices from individual nanoparticles via template-confined DNA-mediated assembly Q.-Y.Lin et al.673 OPTICSLight amplification by seeded Kerr instability G.Vampa et al.675 MATERIALS SCIENCEAtomic-resolution transmission electron microscopy of electron beamsensitive crystalline materials D.Zhang et al.679 NEUROSCIENCENear-infrared deep brain stimulation via upconversion nanoparticlemediated optogenetics S.Chen et al.PERSPECTIVE P.633684 TISSUE REGENERATIONDefective cholesterol clearance limits remyelination in the aged central nervous system L.Cantuti-Castelvetri et al.PERSPECTIVE P.635689 PROTEIN TARGETINGDefining the physiological role of SRP in protein-targeting efficiency and specificity E.A.Costa et al.693 PSYCHIATRIC GENOMICSShared molecular neuropathology across major psychiatric disorders parallels polygenic overl